SynthesisBMC oral health2023
A systematic review and network meta-analysis of virtual reality, audiovisuals and music interventions for reducing dental anxiety related to tooth extraction.
Synthesis in BMC oral health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07240233 (Implementation of Musical Intervention as a Non-Pharmacological Strategy for Mitigating Anxiety in Dental Procedures), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Implementation of Musical Intervention as a Non-Pharmacological Strategy for Mitigating Anxiety in Dental Procedures
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Methods used in adult dental extraction patients to improve psychoemotional status: systematic review.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Teledentistry Applied to Health and Education Outcomes: Evidence Gap Map.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Pooled it
- Does virtual reality reduce anxiety and pain in patients undergoing third molar surgery? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of Music and Aromatherapy on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Among Endodontic Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2025Trial
- Is serum BDNF level relıable parameter ın detectıng of dental anxıety before ımpacted thırd molar surgery?Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal · 2024Trial
- Patterns and influencing factors of dental implant anxiety in China.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- [Environmental modulation of musical emotion: frequency-specific analysis based on virtual reality and electroencephalography].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2026Article
- Effects of audio reading modes and content targeting on college students' anxiety: an experimental study for university mental health intervention.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- The synergistic application of virtual reality and music therapy: a scoping review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTooth extraction is a common procedure performed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons or dentists, often resulting in dental fear and anxiety. The use of relaxing music, audiovisuals, and virtual reality (VR) technologies has been employed to reduce dental anxiety. This network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to assess the comparative effectiveness of relaxing music, audiovisuals, and VR in reducing dental anxiety associated with tooth extraction.
methodsFour electronic databases were searched up to March 8, 2023, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating different multimedia interventions, including the application of using relaxing music, audiovisuals, and VR technologies for dental anxiety. Studies utilizing various anxiety scales for tooth extraction were considered eligible. The pooled standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of anxiety scale scores were analyzed using Bayesian NMA.
resultsA total of 11 RCTs were included in this NMA. The Bayesian NMA results demonstrated that relaxing music (SMD = -0.64, 95% CI: -1.04, -0.25) and VR (SMD = -0.54, 95% CI: -1.08, -0.02) were associated with a reduction in dental anxiety, while audiovisuals (SMD = -0.34, 95% CI: -0.97, 0.33) required further consideration. Ranking probabilities indicated that relaxing music might be the most acceptable method for individuals with dental anxiety. The frequentist NMA yielded consistent rankings in a sensitivity analysis.
conclusionsRelaxing music shows the greatest potential for reducing dental anxiety related to tooth extraction when compared to other multimedia interventions.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.