ArticlePloS one2023
Spätzle processing enzyme is required to activate dorsal switch protein 1 induced Toll immune signalling pathway in Tenebrio molitor.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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8 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early Post-Eclosion Physiological Remodelling inInsects · 2026Article
- RfGNBP5 Negatively Regulates Innate Immunity of Red Palm Weevil,Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Dorsal switch protein 1 activates toll immune signaling pathway via modular serine protease in Tenebrio molitor.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Developmental transcriptomics reveals stage-specific immune gene expression profiles in Spodoptera frugiperda.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Unveiling the Multifaceted Role of HP6: A Critical Regulator of Humoral Immunity inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Regulation of antimicrobial peptides in Hermetia illucens in response to fungal exposure.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Ligands of HMG-like dorsal switch protein 1 ofHeliyon · 2024Article
- Effect of Emi1 gene silencing on the proliferation and invasion of human breast cancer cells.BMC molecular and cell biology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
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Abstract
Dorsal switch protein 1 (DSP1) acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule to activate immune responses in Tenebrio molitor. From a previous study in Spodoptera exigua, we found that DSP1 activates Toll immune signalling pathway to induce immune responses by melanisation, PLA2 activity and AMP synthesis. However, the target site of DSP1 in this pathway remains unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the role of spätzle processing enzyme in the DSP1 induced toll immune signalling pathway. To address this, we analyzed spätzle processing enzyme (Tm-SPE) of the three-step serine protease cascade of T. molitor Toll pathway. Tm-SPE expressed in all developmental stages and larval tissues. Upon immune challenge, its expression levels were upregulated but significantly reduced after RNA interference (RNAi). In addition, the induction of immune responses upon immune challenge or recombinant DSP1 injection was significantly increased. Loss of function using RNA interference revealed that the Tm-SPE is involved in connecting DSP1 induced immune responses like hemocyte nodule formation, phenoloxidase (PO) activity, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) synthesis. These suggest that Tm-SPE controls the DSP1 induced activation of Toll immune signalling pathway required for both cellular and humoral immune responses. However, to confirm the target molecule of DSP1 in three-step proteolytic cascade, we have to check other upstream serine proteases like Spatzle activating enzyme (SAE) or modular serine protease (MSP).
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