ArticleClinical rheumatology2024
Mortality and Ankylosing Spondylitis in the US population: leading causes and associated factors.
Article in Clinical rheumatology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Cardiovascular involvement in ankylosing spondylitis and axial spondyloarthritis: epidemiology, mechanisms, and clinical management.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Intensive care unit admission and mortality in rheumatic diseases.Rheumatology international · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveAnkylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the axial skeleton. Recent studies have shown that mortality risk is higher in AS patients and that it is possibly related to disease activity and duration. Our aim was to investigate the leading causes and factors associated with mortality in hospitalized AS patients in the USA.
methodsThis is a case-control study using the Cerner Health Facts® database between 2015 and 2017. The search was done using ICD codes and administrative claims. Cases were hospitalized AS patients who died during that hospitalization, while controls were patients who survived. In addition to demographics, we collected data on the inpatient use of medications such as NSAIDs, as well as different comorbidities and systemic disease manifestations. The discharge diagnoses for deceased patients were collected to infer causes of mortality. Analysis of association was performed using chi-square tests, t-tests, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, and logistic regression methods.
resultsThe leading causes of death were cardiovascular, infectious, respiratory, and traumatic. The Elixhauser comorbidity index was the factor most associated with mortality (p-value < 0.0001), with congestive heart failure and renal disease the most contributing. Drug use disorder was associated with mortality (adjusted OR = 10.9; p = 0.001). Inpatient NSAIDs use was not associated with increased odds for mortality (p-value 0.33).
conclusionCardiovascular and renal comorbidities are associated with mortality and need to be targeted early on to lower the odds of mortality as patients age. Strategies to prevent opioid and drug abuse should be strengthened in the AS population. Key Points • Cardiovascular and renal comorbidities are associated with mortality and need to be screened for and targeted early on to lower the odds of mortality as patients age. • Drug use disorder including opioid dependence is associated with mortality, and strategies to prevent opioid and drug abuse should be strengthened in the AS population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.