ArticleWomen's health (London, England)
Higher perceived stress during the COVID-19 pandemic increased menstrual dysregulation and menopause symptoms.
Article in Women's health (London, England). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Clinical and Metabolic Profiles in Menstrual Changes Among Reproductive-Aged Women Post-COVID-19.MedComm · 2025Article
- Comparison of menstrual cycle irregularities among young women based on coronavirus disease 2019 infection status: a cross-sectional study.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2024Article
- Menstrual Cramps in Anovulatory versus Normally Ovulatory Cycles - SARS-COV-2 Pandemic Daily Data Plus a Meta-Analysis of Cramps and Anovulation.Journal of pain research · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe increased stress the world experienced with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic affected mental health, disproportionately affecting females. However, how perceived stress in the first year affected menstrual and menopausal symptoms has not yet been investigated.
objectivesThis study evaluates the effect that the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic had on female reproductive and mental health.
methodsResidents in British Columbia, Canada, were surveyed online as part of the COVID-19 Rapid Evidence Study of a Provincial Population-Based Cohort for Gender and Sex. A subgroup of participants (n = 4171), who were assigned female sex at birth (age 25-69 years) and were surveyed within the first 6-12 months of the pandemic (August 2020-February 2021), prior to the widespread rollout of vaccines, was retrospectively asked if they noticed changes in their menstrual or menopausal symptoms, and completing validated measures of stress, depression and anxiety.
designThis is a population-based online retrospective survey.
resultsWe found that 27.8% reported menstrual cycle disturbances and 6.7% reported increased menopause symptoms. Those who scored higher on perceived stress, depression and anxiety scales were more likely to report reproductive cycle disturbances. Free-text responses revealed that reasons for disturbances were perceived to be related to the pandemic.
conclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to research female-specific health issues, such as menstruation. Our data indicate that in the first year of the pandemic, almost one-third of the menstruating population reported disturbances in their cycle, which was related to percieved stress, depression and anxiety scores.
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