ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2023
Racial differences in pathways to care preceding first episode mania or psychosis: a historical cohort prodromal study.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mental disorders in the Black population: a scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Social Determinants of Health in Bipolar Disorder: Exploring Gender-Related Differences.Bipolar disorders · 2025Article
- Three Distinct Pathways to First Episode Mania and Psychosis: Latent Class Analysis of Antecedent Psychopathology.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Factors associated with suicide attempts in the antecedent illness trajectory of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: There is evidence suggesting racial disparities in diagnosis and treatment in bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ). The purpose of this study is to compare psychiatric diagnoses and psychotropic use preceding a first episode of mania (FEM) or psychosis (FEP) in racially diverse patients. Methods: Using a comprehensive medical records linkage system (Rochester Epidemiology Project, REP), we retrospectively identified individuals diagnosed with BD or SZ and a documented first episode of mania or psychosis. Illness trajectory before FEP/FEM were characterized as the time from first visit for a mental health complaint to incident case. Pathways to care and clinical events preceding FEP/FEM were compared based on subsequent incident case diagnosis (BD or SZ) and self-reported race (White vs. non-White). Results: A total of 205 (FEM = 74; FEP = 131) incident cases were identified in the REP. Duration of psychiatric antecedents was significantly shorter in non-White patients, compared to White patients (2.2 ± 4.3 vs. 7.4 ± 6.6 years; Conclusion: These data are unable to ascertain reasons for shorter duration of psychiatric antecedents and later age of seeking care, and more broadly first age of initial symptom presentation. If symptoms are confirmed to be earlier than first time seeking care in both groups, it would be important to identify barriers that racial minorities face to access timely psychiatric care and optimize early intervention strategies.
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Registered trials
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