ArticleObesity (Silver Spring, Md.)2023
Variation in executive function relates to BMI increases in youth who were initially of a healthy weight in the ABCD Study.
Article in Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Associations of Ultra-Processed Foods and Executive Function in Children With Obesity and Their Parents: A Cross-Sectional Study.Pediatric obesity · 2026Observational
- Weight gain and brain development in the ABCD study cohort: A decade of insight and the road ahead.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Review
- Bidirectional Causal Relationships Between Obesity and Executive Function in Children and Adolescents: A Genetic Instrumental Variable Analysis.Developmental science · 2026Article
- Precision Prevention, Diagnostics, and Treatment of Obesity: Pipedream or Reality?Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2025Review
- Smaller subcortical volume relates to greater weight gain in girls with initially healthy weight.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2024Article
- Neurocognitive factors predicting BMI changes from adolescence to young adulthood.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2024Article
- Brain-phenotype predictions can survive across diverse real-world data.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
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Abstract
objectiveThe study aim was to determine whether (A) differences in executive function (EF) and cognition precede weight gain or (B) weight gain causes changes to EF and cognition.
methodsData were gathered from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (release 4.0; ages 9-12 years old [N = 2794]; 100% had healthy weight at baseline [i.e., 9/10 years old], 12.4% had unhealthy weight by ages 11/12 years). EF and cognition were assessed across several domains (e.g., impulsivity, inhibitory control, processing speed, memory); BMI was calculated from height and weight. Nested random-effects mixed models examined (A) BMI ~ EF × Time (i.e., variation in EF/cognition precedes weight gain) and (B) EF ~ BMI × Time (weight gain causes changes to EF/cognition) and controlled for sex, puberty, and caregiver education; random effects were site and subject.
resultsVariation in impulsivity, memory, learning, and processing speed was associated with greater increases in BMI trajectories from 9 to 12 years old. Weight gain was associated with a decrease in inhibitory control, but no other associations were observed.
conclusionsUnderlying variation in EF and cognition may be important for weight gain, but 2 years of weight gain may not be enough to have clinical implications for EF and cognition beyond inhibitory control. These findings suggest that more attention should be paid to the inclusion of EF programs in obesity prevention efforts.
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