ArticleScience advances2023
The value of time in the invigoration of human movements when interacting with a robotic exoskeleton.
Article in Science advances, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- User preference-based human-in-the-loop tuning of exoskeleton assistance during walking.npj biomedical innovations · 2026Article
- Article
- The perceptual and biomechanical effects of scaling back exosuit assistance to changing task demands.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Disentangling the effects of metabolic cost and accuracy on movement speed.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Human movement modifications induced by different levels of transparency of an active upper limb exoskeleton.Frontiers in robotics and AI · 2024Article
- A Trade-Off between Complexity and Interaction Quality for Upper Limb Exoskeleton Interfaces.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Time and effort are thought to be subjectively balanced during the planning of goal-directed actions, thereby setting the vigor of volitional movements. Theoretical models predicted that the value of time should then amount to high levels of effort. However, the time-effort trade-off has so far only been studied for a narrow range of efforts. To investigate the extent to which humans can invest in a time-saving effort, we used a robotic exoskeleton to substantially vary the energetic cost associated with a certain vigor during reaching movements. In this situation, minimizing the time-effort trade-off should lead to high and low human efforts for upward and downward movements, respectively. Consistently, all participants expended substantial amounts of energy upward and remained essentially inactive by harnessing the work of gravity downward, while saving time in both cases. A common time-effort trade-off may therefore determine the vigor of reaching movements for a wide range of efforts.
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Registered trials
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