ReviewFrontiers of medicine2023
Heterogeneity of the tumor immune microenvironment and clinical interventions.
Review in Frontiers of medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tumor Microenvironment Onmyoji: Cytokines with Dual Protumor and Antitumor Roles.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2026Review
- The early-onset cancer epidemics: evidence synthesis using the prospective cohort incident-tumor biobank method.European journal of epidemiology · 2025Review
- Research Strategies and Methods of Hydrogels for Antitumor Drug Delivery.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Spatial Transcriptomics Decodes Breast Cancer Microenvironment Heterogeneity: From Multidimensional Dynamic Profiling to Precision Therapy Blueprint Construction.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- EIF3M as a pan-cancer biomarker: prognostic significance and immune infiltration association.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Article
- Article
- [TIM3+CD8+ T Cell Expression and Clinical Significance in the Central and Non-central Tumor Microenvironment of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2024Article
- The Roles of T cells in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Arthritis.Aging and disease · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is broadly composed of various immune cells, and its heterogeneity is characterized by both immune cells and stromal cells. During the course of tumor formation and progression and anti-tumor treatment, the composition of the TIME becomes heterogeneous. Such immunological heterogeneity is not only present between populations but also exists on temporal and spatial scales. Owing to the existence of TIME, clinical outcomes can differ when a similar treatment strategy is provided to patients. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of TIME heterogeneity is essential for developing precise and effective therapies. Facilitated by advanced technologies, it is possible to understand the complexity and diversity of the TIME and its influence on therapy responses. In this review, we discuss the potential reasons for TIME heterogeneity and the current approaches used to explore it. We also summarize clinical intervention strategies based on associated mechanisms or targets to control immunological heterogeneity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.