ArticleFrontiers in plant science2023
Integrative HPLC profiling and transcriptome analysis revealed insights into anthocyanin accumulation and key genes at three developmental stages of black rice (
Article in Frontiers in plant science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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7 citing papers in PubMed.
- The FaDOF2-FaMYB4 transcriptional module regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in strawberry fruit.Plant cell reports · 2026Article
- Integrating gene expression and morphological traits for drought stress adaptation in maize hybrids.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Identification and Functional Characterization of Anthocyanidin 3-O-Glucosyltransferases OsA3GT1 and OsA3GT2 in Black Rice.Rice (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Advances and Future Prospects of Pigment Deposition in Pigmented Rice.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Comparative Metabolic Profiling of Different Colored Rice Grains Reveals the Distribution of Major Active Compounds and Key Secondary Metabolites in Green Rice.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A Review of Quantitative and Topical Analysis of Anthocyanins in Food.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Integrated Untargeted Metabolome, Full-Length Sequencing and Transcriptome Analyses Reveal the Mechanism of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Blueberry (International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
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Abstract
Introduction: Anthocyanins are plants' secondary metabolites belonging to the flavonoid class with potential health-promoting properties. They are greatly employed in the food industry as natural alternative food colorants for dairy and ready-to-eat desserts and pH indicators. These tremendous advantages make them economically important with increasing market trends. Black rice is a rich source of anthocyanin that can be used to ensure food and nutritional security around the world. However, research on anthocyanin accumulation and gene expression during rice caryopsis development is lacking. Methods: In this study, we combined high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and transcriptome analysis to profile the changes in anthocyanin content and gene expression dynamics at three developmental stages (milky, doughy, and mature). Results: Our results showed that anthocyanin accumulation started to be visible seven days after flowering (DAF), increased rapidly from milky (11 DAF) to dough stage, then started decreasing after the peak was attained at 18 DAF. RNA-seq showed that 519 out of 14889, 477 out of 17914, and 1614 out of 18810 genes were uniquely expressed in the milky, doughy, and mature stages, respectively. We performed three pairwise comparisons: milky vs. dough, milky vs. mature, and dough vs. mature, and identified 6753, 9540, and 2531 DEGs, respectively. The DEGs' abundance was higher in milky vs. mature, with 5527 up-regulated genes and 4013 down-regulated genes, while it was smaller in dough vs. mature, with 1419 up-regulated genes and 1112 down-regulated DEGs. This result was consistent with the changes in anthocyanin profiling, and the expression of structural, regulatory, and transporter genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis showed their highest expression at the dough stage. Through the gene expression profile and protein interaction network, we deciphered six main contributors of the anthocyanin peak observed at dough stage, including Os Discussion: This study is the first to report the investigation of anthocyanin and gene expression at three developmental stages of black rice caryopsis. The findings of this study could aid in predicting the best harvesting time to achieve maximum anthocyanin content and the best time to collect samples for various gene expression analysis, laying the groundwork for future research into the molecular mechanisms underlying rice caryopsis coloration.
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