ArticleJournal of education and health promotion2023
The effects of breast milk odor on the physiological and behavioral responses caused by venipuncture pain in term infants: A clinical trial study.
Article in Journal of education and health promotion, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The analgesic effects of human milk odor in preterm neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of breast milk odor on infant pain and stress levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of breast milk odor exposure on first oral feeding performance in preterm infants following non-nutritive sucking.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Trial
- Effectiveness of Breast Milk Odor on Preterm Infant Feeding Cues: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Frequency and pain intensity of painful procedures in premature infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit.Journal of education and health promotion · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPain management is very important for infants who are unable to express it verbally. Pain control is one of the nursing actions and part of their duties. This study attempted to determine the effects of breast milk odor on the physiological and behavioral responses caused by venipuncture pain in full-term infants at an educational hospital. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis randomized clinical trial study was carried out on 3-5 days' term and healthy babies with a gestational age of 34 weeks and later in the 9-Day Hospital of Torbet Heydariyeh, Iran, 2021. The sample size, taking into account the possibility of a 10% dropout of samples included 20 babies for each group and a total of 40 babies were selected by convenience sampling. To collect data, a checklist of demographic characteristics, a registration form for physiological responses, and the modified behavioral pain scale were used.
resultsThe results of this study showed that breast milk odor has a positive effect on behavioral responses (
conclusionsAccording to the results, olfactory stimulation with breast milk during venous blood sampling showed positive effects on physiological responses and pain reduction in infants. Therefore, it is recommended to use soothing stimuli such as the smell of breast milk during painful procedures in babies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.