ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2023
Trimester-specific reference intervals for hemoglobin A1c in non-diabetic pregnancy in a Chinese population.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trimester-specific reference interval for glycated hemoglobin in non-diabetic pregnant women: A cross-sectional study.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- Maternal and neonatal outcomes according to the timing of diagnosis of gestational diabetes: A critical appraisal.World journal of diabetes · 2025Review
- Role of random blood glucose and HbA1c levels in optimizing glucose tolerance screening in early pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study.Obstetrics & gynecology science · 2025Article
- Managing discordance between HbADiabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2025Review
- MV-Flow imaging for evaluating the placental function of gestational diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
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5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundPhysiological glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values in each trimester are not well defined. This study aimed to determine trimester-specific reference intervals for HbA1c levels in non-diabetic pregnant women in China.
methodsIn this cross-sectional study, 5,042 Chinese pregnant women from 6 to 41 weeks of gestation were screened. An inclusion of 4,134 non-diabetic women was made to determine the reference intervals, they were divided into three trimesters: trimester 1 (T1), 6 weeks to 13 weeks + 6 days, trimester 2 (T2), 14 weeks to 27 weeks + 6 days, and trimester 3 (T3), 28 weeks to 41 weeks + 6 days. A total of 4,134 women (T1 n = 760, T2 n = 1,953, and T3 n = 1,421) provided blood samples which were analyzed for HbA1c concentrations. HbA1c was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. The median and percentile (2.5th to 97.5th) for the HbA1c reference intervals were calculated for each trimester.
resultsIn total, 8,732 HbA1c measurements were taken. Reference intervals for HbA1c expressed as median and percentile (2.5th to 97.5th) for each trimester were: T1: 4.7 (4.0-5.5%), T2: 4.5 (3.9-5.3%), and T3: 4.8 (4.1-5.7%) respectively. The HbA1c levels were significantly lower in the second trimester compared to those in the first trimester (p < 0.0001), and higher in the third trimester compared to the second trimester (p < 0.0001).
conclusionsThe reference intervals for HbA1c levels were 3.9-5.7% with upper limits of 5.5% in the first trimester, 5.3% in the second trimester, and 5.7% in the third trimester. These findings highlight the importance of considering trimester-specific reference intervals for HbA1c in non-diabetic pregnant women to promote maternal and fetal health.
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