ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences2024
Living Longer But Frailer? Temporal Trends in Life Expectancy and Frailty in Older Swedish Adults.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Integrating frailty into decision-making for disease-modifying therapies in Alzheimer's disease: a proposed expert-opinion based approach.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Review
- Domain-specific trends in healthy life expectancy among Chinese older adults: Compression, expansion, and dynamic equilibrium.SSM - population health · 2026Article
- Mortality Dynamics in Low-Mortality Countries: An Introduction to the Special Issue.European journal of population = Revue europeenne de demographie · 2026Article
- Associations between cognitive frailty and circulating cardiovascular biomarkers in a memory clinic cohort.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Temporal trends in late-life depressive symptom trajectories: a longitudinal population-based cohort study from Stockholm, Sweden.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- National Norms for Hospital Frailty Risk Score Among Hospitalized Adults in the USA.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Dynamics of multimorbidity, health expectancy, and survival in middle aged and older individuals.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Article
- Social isolation in relation to the incidence and dynamic progression of frailty in the oldest old: a trajectory analysis of a nationwide cohort.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Frailty-free life expectancy and its association with socio-economic characteristics: an analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing cohort study.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Predictors of 15-year transitions across living and care settings in a population of Swedish older adults.Age and ageing · 2025Article
- Big data and AI for gender equality in health: bias is a big challenge.Frontiers in big data · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study aims to examine temporal trends in frailty state transitions, and years spent frail, in older Swedish adults.
methodsWe followed the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen participants from baseline (2001-2004) for 15 (median: 9.6) years. A 40-deficit frailty index (FI) was constructed to identify 3 frailty states: robust (FI ≤ 0.125), mild frailty (0.125 < FI ≤ 0.25), and moderate and severe frailty (FI > 0.25). Multistate survival analyses were implemented to obtain hazard ratios (HRs) for frailty state transitions, with birth year and sex as predictors. To examine temporal trends, frailty state-specific life expectancies at age 60 were forecasted for robust persons born in different years (1900, 1910, 1920, 1930, and 1940), also by sex.
resultsAt baseline, the 2 941 participants' mean age was 75 years and 65% were women. Predicted life expectancy and time spent frail from age 60 followed an increasing trend by birth year. Hazards of transitioning from mild frailty to death (HR: 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.83-0.97) and moderate and severe frailty to death (HR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97-1.00) were lower for those born later. Women were less likely to transition from robust to mild frailty (HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.70-0.93), mild frailty to moderate and severe frailty (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.68-0.93), and moderate and severe frailty to death (HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.59-0.78), but spent more time frail.
conclusionsOur results point to an expansion of time spent frail among older Swedish adults over time.
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