ArticleJMIRx med2022
Exercise-Induced Hypoalgesia Following Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and Resistance Training Among Individuals With Shoulder Myofascial Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial.
Article in JMIRx med, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) therapy on functional recovery in patients with knee joint injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Acute effects of aerobic versus combined aerobic and cervical-upper extremity resistance exercise on pressure pain threshold, pain perception, and fatigue in workers exposed to high ergonomic risk with chronic non-specific neck pain: a randomized controlled trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Trial
- Modulation of pain perceptions following treadmill running with different intensities in females.Physiological reports · 2023Trial
- Silver Needle Thermotherapy Regulates TRPV1 to Alleviate Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Relieve Myofascial Pain.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- The Role of Maladaptive Plasticity in Modulating Pain Pressure Threshold Post-Spinal Cord Injury.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effects of proprioceptive exercise for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVarious exercises can attenuate pain perception in healthy individuals and may interact with the descending pain modulation in the central nervous system. However, the analgesic effects of exercise in patients with myofascial pain can be disrupted by the pathological changes during chronic pain conditions. Thus, the exercises targeted on the facilitation of the sensory-motor interaction may have a positive impact on the restoration of the descending pain modulation and the analgesia effects.
objectiveThis paper estimates the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and resistance training on exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) among patients with myofascial pain syndrome.
methodsA total of 76 female patients with myofascial pain syndrome (aged 18-30 years), with the pain in the upper trapezius and a visual analog scale score of greater than 30/100 mm, were enrolled in the study. Participants were randomly assigned into 3 intervention groups, including isometric (n=18, 24%), isotonic (n=19, 25%), and PNF (n=20, 26%) exercises, as well as 1 control group (n=19, 25%) with no intervention. Pressure pain threshold and the CPM responses at the myofascial trigger point, arm, and leg sites were assessed before and after the exercise session. The effective EIH response was reflected in the improvement of pressure pain thresholds.
resultsThere was an increase in pressure pain thresholds and CPM responses at trigger point (P<.001 and P<.001), arm (P<.001 and P<.001), and leg sites (P<.001 and P=.03) in participants who performed PNF and isotonic exercise, while the isometric exercise only increased pressure pain thresholds at leg sites (P=.03). Compared with the control group, both the isotonic (P=.02) and PNF (P<.001) groups showed greater EIH responses at the trigger points. In comparison to the control group, only the PNF exercise (P=.01) significantly improved pressure pain thresholds and CPM responses at arm and leg sites compared to the control group.
conclusionsPNF, isotonic, and isometric exercises could lead to local and global EIH effects. The improvement in CPM response following PNF and isotonic exercises suggested that the EIH mechanisms of different resistance exercises may be attributed to the enhancement of the endogenous pain modulation via the motor-sensory interaction from the additional eccentric and dynamic muscle contraction.
trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCtr202111090819166165; https://tinyurl.com/2ab93p7n.
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