ArticleRenal failure2023
Comparison of three spot proteinuria measurements for pediatric nephrotic syndrome: based on the International pediatric Nephrology Association 2022 Guidelines.
Article in Renal failure, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Donor Risk Factors Affecting Graft Survival in Pediatric Kidney Transplants: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Perioperative Blood Pressure Management Recommendations in Pediatric Pheochromocytoma: A 10-Year Narrative Review.Kidney & blood pressure research · 2025Review
- Validation and optimization of classification criteria for childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus in a multi-center Chinese cohort.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Carotid intima-media thickness, fibroblast growth factor 23, and mineral bone disorder in children with chronic kidney disease.BMC nephrology · 2024Article
- Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in Egyptian children with nephrotic syndrome: single center experience.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Reliability of the spot urine protein/creatinine ratio for assessing proteinuria in patients with renal disease.The Journal of international medical research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPediatric nephrotic syndrome (NS) requires routine proteinuria monitoring, which is costly and affects patients' quality of life. The gold-standard 24-h urine protein (UP) measurement is challenging in children, and first-morning urine collection requires specific conditions, making it difficult in outpatient settings. Studies have reported comparability of second or random morning urine sample to the first-morning specimen. This study aimed to compare outcomes of random morning proteinuria measurements to 24-h UP and the roles of the urinary protein creatinine ratio (UPCR) and dipstick tests in pediatric NS, based on International Pediatric Nephrology Association (IPNA) 2022 Guidelines.
methodTwenty-four-hour and morning urine samples were collected from 92 pediatric NS patients. These were subjected to automated analyses for 24-h UP, UPCR, and semi-automated dipstick analysis. A blinded doctor performed manual dipstick analysis.
resultsUPCR had a stronger correlation with 24-h UP than with automated and manual urine dipstick tests. UPCR had the highest sensitivity and specificity for predicting no remission/relapse and high sensitivity but low specificity for complete remission. The optimal UPCR cutoff for remission was 0.44 mg/mg and for no remission/relapse was 2.08 mg/mg. Automated and manual dipstick tests demonstrated limited sensitivity but high specificity and similar AUC values for remission/relapse.
conclusionUPCR was sensitive and specific for diagnosing no remission/relapse and sensitive but not specific for detecting remission. Manual and automated urine dipstick tests were comparable for remission and no remission/relapse detection. This study supports the IPNA 2022 Guidelines, as 2 mg/mg was the optimal UPCR cutoff for no remission/relapse, while for remission the optimal cutoff was 0.4 mg/mg.
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