SynthesisArchives of osteoporosis2023
Role of lifestyle factors in mediating the effect of educational attainment on bone mineral density: a Mendelian randomization study.
Synthesis in Archives of osteoporosis, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dietary riboflavin (vitamin B2) intake and osteoporosis in U.S. female adults: unveiling of association and exploration of potential molecular mechanisms.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- Adults with Phenylketonuria have suboptimal bone mineral density apart from vitamin D and calcium sufficiency.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- The impact of bone mineral density on the risk of falling: evidence from genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization analysis.Endocrine · 2024Article
- Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and bone mineral density: Mendelian randomization and mediation analysis.Bone reports · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
We performed two-step multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis to explore the mediating role of lifestyle factors in educational attainment (EA) and bone mineral density (BMD). Summary statistics from genome-wide association studies of European lineages were used. Coffee intake and processed-meat intake mediated the association between EA and BMD. PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the causal relationship between educational attainment (EA) and bone mineral density (BMD), as well as the potential mediating roles of lifestyle factors in the expected EA-BMD relationship. By identifying modifiable lifestyle factors, we hope to provide relevant information to prevent osteoporosis or low BMD in the less educated population.
methodsUsing summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of major European lineages, one- and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to estimate the association between EA (in the social sciences genetic association consortium (SSGAC) involving 766,345 individuals and in the UK Biobank (UKB) involving 293,723 individuals) and BMD (in the Genetic Factors for Osteoporosis Consortium involving 426,824 individuals selected from the UKB). The EA variable in both consortia were expressed by years of schooling completed. Two-step multivariable MR was used to assess the mediating roles of eight lifestyle-related factors (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, watching television, computer using, smoking initiation, coffee intake, alcohol intake frequency, tea intake, and processed-meat intake) in the EA and BMD association, and the corresponding mediating proportion was calculated. Meta-analysis was used to present a pooled estimate.
resultsA total of 317 and 73 independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of GWAS significance (P < 5.0 × 10
conclusionWe elucidated the causal protective effect of EA on BMD and the mediating roles of coffee intake and processed-meat intake. Intervening with these factors can potentially reduce the burden of bone density loss or osteoporotic fractures among the less educated population.
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