ArticleBMJ open2023
Refinement and validation of a comprehensive clinical diagnostic model (GAMAD) based on gender, age, multitarget circulating tumour DNA methylation signature and commonly used serological biomarkers for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicentre, prospective observational study protocol.
Article in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05626985 (Refinement and Validation of a Comprehensive Clinical Diagnostic Model), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Refinement and Validation of a Comprehensive Clinical Diagnostic Model (GAMAD) for Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Multicenter, Prospective Study Protocol
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Surgery-centered integrated strategies for personalized hepatocellular carcinoma care.Cancer biology & medicine · 2026Review
- Development and validation of a high-confidence diagnostic model integrating ctDNA methylation and serum biomarkers for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma detection.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Article
- Tumour-host divergence: a hypothesis for personalised blood-based early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Assessment of Circulating Tumor DNA for Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Alpha-Fetoprotein-Negative Patients With Cirrhotic Nodules.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Article
- Advancements in nanoultrasonics technology for the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer: discussion on medical ethics and hospital management issues.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- Comprehensive review and updated analysis of DNA methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma: From basic research to clinical application.Clinical and translational medicine · 2024Review
- Blood biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma: a critical review.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Screening of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatic Cirrhosis Patients by a Novel Blood-Based Multi-Omics Test.Technology in cancer research & treatmentArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPrompt detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic liver diseases is critical for enhancing prognosis. Existing imaging techniques and serum markers fall short of clinical needs. This study aims to establish a non-invasive diagnostic model for early HCC detection in the Chinese population. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This prospective, multicentre, observational study will enrol 2000 participants, including HCC patients, those with chronic liver diseases (hepatitis, cirrhosis and benign liver space-occupying lesions), and healthy individuals. The study will collect demographic data and blood samples, which will be used to test α-fetoprotein (AFP), des-γ-carboxy-prothrombin (DCP) and circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) methylation. The GAMAD ( ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This trial has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committees of the First Hospital of Jilin University (#22K073-001), the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University (#EHBHKY2023-H0003-P001) and Tianjin Third Central Hospital (#IRB2023-007-01). All participants in the trial will provide written informed consent. Results of this study will be disseminated in peer-reviewed scientific journals and at conferences nationally and internationally. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05626985.
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