Observational studyBMJ open2023
Association between Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Groups risk scores and self-reported outcome measures: an observational study among individuals with complex or long-term conditions in Norway.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- High Utilisation Behaviour in Emergency Departments: Predictors in Baixo Alentejo Region.Portuguese journal of public health · 2026Article
- End-of-life care in glioblastoma: A population-based study.Neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Validity of the Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Groups system on the utilisation of healthcare services in Norway: a retrospective cross-sectional study.BMC health services research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveInvestigate the association between Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Groups (ACG) risk scores and low scores in self-reported outcome measures (SROMs) among individuals with complex or long-term conditions.
designLongitudinal study using five ACG risk scores based on diagnoses from general practitioner (GP) visits in 1 year and responses to a survey including three SROMs 4 months later.
settingFour adjacent municipalities in Central Norway.
participantsNon-institutionalised individuals ≥18 years with ≥1 diagnosis code indicating a complex or long-term condition, ≥1 visit to a GP, and who participated in the survey (n=2944). MEASURES: Dependent variables were low scores in the three SROMs (threshold for being defined as a low score in parentheses): Patient Activation Measure (level 1-2), EQ-5D (<0.4) or self-rated health ('Poor'). Independent variables were five ACG variables.
resultsThe individuals with the lowest scores in the three SROMs were mostly three separate groups. The lowest Patient Activation Measure scores were associated with high scores in the ACG variables unscaled total cost predicted risk (adjusted odds ratio (adjOR) 1.80) and positive frailty flag (adjOR 1.76). The lowest EQ-5D scores were associated with high scores in the ACG variables unscaled concurrent risk (adjOR 1.60) and probability persistent high user scores (adjOR 2.83). The lowest self-rated health scores were associated with high scores in the ACG variable unscaled concurrent risk scores (adjOR 1.77), unscaled total cost predicted risk scores (adjOR 2.14) and receiving a positive frailty flag (adjOR 1.82).
conclusionsThere were associations between ACG risk scores and subsequent low SROM scores. This suggests a potential to use diagnosis-based risk stratification systems as a proxy for SROMs to identify individuals with complex or long-term conditions for person-centred healthcare intervention.
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