ArticlePloS one2023
Logical gates in ensembles of proteinoid microspheres.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cholinergic Modulation of Proteinoid Microsphere Networks as Prebiotic Depression Models.ACS physical chemistry Au · 2026Article
- Fast and Slow Signal Propagation in Abiotic Polypeptide Assemblies.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2026Article
- Protocell Computing on Aragonite Substrates.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Living Kombucha Electronics with Proteinoids.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Thermal colloid programming.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Recurrence Resonance and 1/Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- On fault-tolerant Boolean functions in proteinoids-ZnO colloids.Journal of materials science. Materials in electronics · 2025Article
- Optical Recognition of the English Alphabet Using Proteinoids.ACS omega · 2024Article
- Boolean Circuits in Colloidal Mixtures of ZnO and Proteinoids.ACS omega · 2024Article
- On Transducing Properties of Kombucha-Proteinoid Complexes.ACS applied bio materials · 2024Article
- On Effect of Chloroform on Electrical Activity of Proteinoids.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Thermosensory Spiking Activity of Proteinoid Microspheres Cross-Linked by Actin Filaments.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Proteinoids are thermal proteins which swell into microspheres in aqueous solution. Ensembles of proteinoids produce electrical spiking activity similar to that of neurons. We introduce a novel method for implementing logical gates in the ensembles of proteinoid microspheres using chronoamperometry. Chronoamperometry is a technique that involves applying a voltage pulse to proteinoid microspheres and measuring their current response. We have observed that proteinoids exhibit distinct current patterns that align with various logical outputs. We identify four types of logical gates: AND, OR, XOR, and NAND. These gates are determined by the current response of proteinoid microspheres. Additionally, we demonstrate that proteinoid microspheres have the ability to modify their current response over time, which is influenced by their previous exposure to voltage. This indicates that they possess a capacity for learning and are capable of adapting to their environment. Our research showcases the ability of proteinoid microspheres to perform logical operations and computations through their inherent electrical properties.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.