ReviewNutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition2023
Human milk fortification and use of infant formulas to support growth in the neonatal intensive care unit.
Review in Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exclusive human milk diet and mortality before discharge in premature and very low birthweight infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of three mammalian milk-derived fortifiers on morbidity and mortality in preterm infants: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Pooled it
- New Perspectives in Nutritional Management for Neonatal Health.Nutrients · 2026Article
- A2 β-casein infant formula with high sn-2 palmitate and casein phosphopeptides (CPP) supports energy and mineral absorption in Chinese infants.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Freeze-Dried Mother's Own Milk for Novel Fortification in a Late Preterm Infant with Complicated Intestinal Atresia and Congenital Shortened Bowel: A Case Report.AJP reports · 2026Article
- Does Breastfeeding Small for Gestational Age Neonates Promote a Healthier Growth Pattern? A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The fifty billion dollar question: does formula cause necrotizing enterocolitis?Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Review
- Human Milk-Derived Fortifier to Reduce Hospital-Acquired Malnutrition in Uncomplicated Gastroschisis: A Case Report.AJP reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Newborn infants require adequate nutrition to achieve full potential growth and development. Early life nutrition and health impacts long-term outcomes through adulthood. Human milk is the optimal source of nutrition during the first 6 months of life. However, infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) often have comorbidities that create more or different nutrition demands than healthy newborns. There are different strategies to meet the nutrition needs of sick newborns, including use of parenteral nutrition, human milk fortifiers (HMFs), and infant formulas. Multinutrient HMFs are frequently used to achieve the higher nutrition demands of preterm infants. They are available in various presentations, such as human milk- or cow milk-derived, liquid or powder, and acidified or nonacidified, each of which has different risks and benefits associated with its use. Infant formulas are available to meet a demand when mother's own milk or donor breast milk is not available or sufficient, and there are also specialty formulas for infants with certain diseases that present unique nutrition needs. This review is focused on the use of HMFs to support the unique nutrition requirements of preterm infants for healthy growth, as well as the indications for the use of formulas among infants in the NICU.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.