ArticleFrontiers in psychology2023
Measurement invariance of the patient health questionnaire-9 depression scale in a nationally representative population-based sample.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Depressive symptom profiles across pregnant, postpartum, and nonperipartum women: measurement invariance and differential item functioning analyses of 2005-2021 NHANES data.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Psychometric evaluation of the patient health questionnaire-9 in helping professionals: factor structure, gender invariance, and construct validity.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The Role of Feedback Loops in Dynamical Symptom Networks.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Adaptation to Aymara language and analysis of the psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in Peruvian and Bolivian populations.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Associations of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen with depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults in Guangzhou, China: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Psychometric validation of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in Chinese adolescent and adult psychiatric inpatient populations.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Mediating and Moderating Effects of Uncertainty on the Relationship between Family Function, Self-Care, and Depression among Blood Cancer Survivors.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is widely used to measure the severity of depressive symptoms and to screen for depressive disorder, but its measurement invariance has received little research attention. The aim of this study was to assess the measurement invariance of the PHQ-9 across various sociodemographic and medical-condition groups. The structural validity and internal consistency of the PHQ-9 were also assessed as the prerequisite properties for measurement invariance. This study was conducted using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The included participants comprised 5,347 people older than 19 years. Exploratory graph analysis (EGA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to determine structural validity, and the omega coefficient (
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