ArticleEcology and evolution2023
Mammalian predator and prey responses to recreation and land use across multiple scales provide limited support for the human shield hypothesis.
Article in Ecology and evolution, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Human Shield Hypothesis: Does Predator Avoidance of Humans Create Refuges for Prey?Ecology letters · 2025Pooled it
- Asymmetric niche partitioning in large omnivores in response to anthropogenic disturbances within subarctic ecosystems.The Journal of animal ecology · 2026Article
- Natives Against Invaders: Shared Use of Space and Temporal Segregation of Clouded Tiger-Cats (Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Wildlife responses to nonmotorized recreation in the Southern Canadian Rockies: a multiscale analysis near Fernie, BC.Journal of mammalogy · 2026Article
- The influence of human presence and footprint on animal space use in US national parks.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Intraguild competition mediates human avoidance in an endangered African large carnivore.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Ecological Insights From Camera Trapping Span Biological Taxa, and the Globe.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Article
- Mammalian predator and prey responses to recreation and land use across multiple scales provide limited support for the human shield hypothesis.Ecology and evolution · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
15 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Outdoor recreation is widespread, with uncertain effects on wildlife. The human shield hypothesis (HSH) suggests that recreation could have differential effects on predators and prey, with predator avoidance of humans creating a spatial refuge 'shielding' prey from people. The generality of the HSH remains to be tested across larger scales, wherein human shielding may prove generalizable, or diminish with variability in ecological contexts. We combined data from 446 camera traps and 79,279 sampling days across 10 landscapes spanning 15,840 km
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.