ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2023
Prevalence and Determinants of Symptomatic Dry Eye Disease Among Adult Urban Residents of High-Altitude Areas of Southwest Saudi Arabia - A Survey.
Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Prevalence of Ophthalmic Symptoms Among Adults in King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences: Cross-Sectional Survey.Online journal of public health informatics · 2026Article
- Comparative Efficacy of Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus, and Neurostimulatory Nasal Sprays for Moderate-to-Severe Dry Eye Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Prevalence of dry eye disease among indoor and outdoor workers and the impact on work productivity in the West Bank of Palestine in 2024: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Understanding the Dry Eye Disease-Related Symptoms in South America: Prevalence and Associated Factors-A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Purpose: To estimate the prevalence and determinants of Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score based dry eye disease (DED) among the adult urban population of four cities located at high altitudes in Southwest Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was held in 2023. OSDI questionnaire was used to collect the responses of the adult participants. The score was further graded into none, mild, moderate, and severe DED to estimate age-sex-adjusted DED prevalence. The OSDI score was correlated to demographic (age group, gender, education, occupation, city) and risk factors like smoking and co-morbidities. Results: Of the 401 adults, 388 (response rate of 97.8%) participated. The age-sex-adjusted prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe DED was 21.7%, 13.1%, and 32%, respectively. The median ODSI score was 22.9 [Interquartile range (IQR) 10.4; 47.9)]. The score was significantly higher in females (Mann-Whitney Conclusion: The prevalence of DED and severe grade was high. The level of education and presence of comorbidities significantly influenced DED in the adult urban Saudi population of cities at high altitudes.
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