ReviewJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2023
Malignant Brain Aging: The Formidable Link Between Dysregulated Signaling Through Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Pathways and Alzheimer's Disease (Type 3 Diabetes).
Review in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Insulin-like growth factor 1 associated research in Alzheimer's disease: an exploratory trends analysis.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Metabolomic signatures of brain aging: A multimodal and genetic study.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- α-Klotho as a central integrative signalling hub in cognitive function and neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Review
- Emerging pathological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis: from neuroimmune interactions to intercellular communication.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Micro- and Nanoplastics and Functional Nutrients in Human Health: Epigenetic Mechanisms and Cellular Resilience Signaling in Brain Insulin Resistance and the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Exploring the interplay of glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and neurodegenerative pathologies: insights from streptozotocin and hypoglycaemic in vitro models.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Review
- Comparative Brain and Serum Exosome Expression of Biomarkers in an Experimental Model of Alzheimer-Type Neurodegeneration: Potential Relevance to Liquid Biopsy Diagnostics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Type 3 diabetes and metabolic reprogramming of brain neurons: causes and therapeutic strategies.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Review
- Relationship between Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: Critical Review On Cellular and Molecular Common Pathogenic Mechanisms.Current Alzheimer research · 2025Review
- Brain and Serum Membrane Vesicle (Exosome) Profiles in Experimental Alcohol-Related Brain Degeneration: Forging the Path to Non-Invasive Liquid Biopsy Diagnostics.Journal of molecular pathology · 2024Article
- Insulin resistance as the molecular link between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.World journal of diabetes · 2024Review
- Alzheimer's Amyloid Hypothesis and Antibody Therapy: Melting Glaciers?International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Blood RNA transcripts show changes in inflammation and lipid metabolism in Alzheimer's disease and mitochondrial function in mild cognitive impairment.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2024Article
- Association between dietary soy prevention of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and normalization of placental insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling networks and downstream effector molecule expression.Gene & protein in disease · 2024Article
- TMS-derived short afferent inhibition discriminates cognitive status in older adults without dementia.Aging brain · 2024Article
- Conquering Insulin Network Dysfunctions in Alzheimer's Disease: Where Are We Today?Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Review
- Early-Stage Moderate Alcohol Feeding Dysregulates Insulin-Related Metabolic Hormone Expression in the Brain: Potential Links to Neurodegeneration Including Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2024Article
- Dysregulated mTOR networks in experimental sporadic Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Mechanism and Therapeutic Prospect of miRNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Behavioural neurology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Malignant brain aging corresponds to accelerated age-related declines in brain functions eventually derailing the self-sustaining forces that govern independent vitality. Malignant brain aging establishes the path toward dementing neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The full spectrum of AD includes progressive dysfunction of neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, and the microvascular systems, and is mechanistically driven by insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) deficiencies and resistances with accompanying deficits in energy balance, increased cellular stress, inflammation, and impaired perfusion, mimicking the core features of diabetes mellitus. The underlying pathophysiological derangements result in mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal protein aggregation, increased oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, aberrant autophagy, and abnormal post-translational modification of proteins, all of which are signature features of both AD and dysregulated insulin/IGF-1-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. This article connects the dots from benign to malignant aging to neurodegeneration by reviewing the salient pathologies associated with initially adaptive and later dysfunctional mTOR signaling in the brain. Effective therapeutic and preventive measures must be two-pronged and designed to 1) address complex and shifting impairments in mTOR signaling through the re-purpose of effective anti-diabetes therapeutics that target the brain, and 2) minimize the impact of extrinsic mediators of benign to malignant aging transitions, e.g., inflammatory states, obesity, systemic insulin resistance diseases, and repeated bouts of general anesthesia, by minimizing exposures or implementing neuroprotective measures.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.