Trial reportTrends in psychiatry and psychotherapy2025
Does the intensity of dissociation predict antidepressant effects 24 hours after infusion of racemic ketamine or esketamine in treatment-resistant depression? A secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Oral Prolonged-Release Ketamine for Treatment-Resistant Depression: Two Randomized Clinical Trials.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Rapid-acting NMDA and GABAergic Modulators in Mood Disorders: From Synaptic Mechanisms to Clinical Practice.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Review
- Advancing past ketamine: emerging glutamatergic compounds for the treatment of depression.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Review
- Esketamine use in real-world clinical practice in patients with treatment-resistant depression.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- Arketamine: a scoping review of its use in humans.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Case Report: A possible association between significant dissociations after esketamine treatment and histrionic personality disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Nitric Oxide Donor Sodium Nitroprusside Reduces Racemic Ketamine-But Not Esketamine-Induced Pain Relief.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2024Article
- Listening to music during intranasal (es)ketamine therapy in patients with treatment-resistant depression correlates with better tolerability and reduced anxiety.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveKetamine and esketamine have both shown significant antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and conflicting evidence suggests that dissociation induced by these drugs could be a clinical predictor of esketamine/ketamine's efficacy.
methodsThis study is a secondary analysis of data from a two-center, randomized, controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive an IV infusion of either esketamine (0.25 mg/kg) or racemic ketamine (0.50 mg/kg) over 40 minutes. Dissociative symptoms were assessed using the Clinician-Administered Dissociative State Scale (CADSS) 40 minutes following the beginning of the infusion. Variations in depression scores were measured with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), which was administered before the intervention as a baseline measure and 24 hours, 72 hours, and 7 days following infusion.
resultsSixty-one patients were included in the analysis. Examining CADSS scores of 15 or below, for every 1-point increment in the CADSS score, there was a mean change of -0.5 (standard deviation [SD] = 0.25; p = 0.04) of predicted MADRS score from baseline to 24 hours. The results for 72 hours and 7 days following infusion were not significant. Since the original trial was not designed to assess the relationship between ketamine or esketamine-induced dissociation and antidepressant effects as the main outcome, confounding variables for this relationship were not controlled.
conclusionWe suggest a positive relationship between dissociation intensity measured with the CADSS and the antidepressant effects of ketamine and esketamine 24 hours after infusion for CADSS scores of up to 15 points.
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