ArticleChemico-biological interactions2023
An in vitro evaluation of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) on the catalytic activity of carboxylesterase 1 (CES1).
Article in Chemico-biological interactions, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mixtures Biotransformation: Multilayer Molecular Networking of Kratom Liver Metabolites.Journal of natural products · 2026Article
- Epigenetic Landscapes of Methamphetamine Addiction: Unravelling the Diagnostic Potential of Gene Methylation.Addiction biology · 2025Article
- An in vitro evaluation of common botanical extracts on carboxylesterase 1 catalytic activity.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2025Article
- Evaluating the drug interactions in kratom usage: clinical application.Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology · 2025Review
- Drug-drug interactions of plant alkaloids derived from herbal medicines on the phase II UGT enzymes: an introductory review.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Risk assessment of two new pesticides based on the intestinal fungal community construction and growth status of predatory insects (Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Kratom, (Mitragyna Speciosa Korth.) is a plant indigenous to Southeast Asia whose leaves are cultivated for a variety of medicinal purposes and mostly consumed as powders or tea in the United States. Kratom use has surged in popularity with the lay public and is currently being investigated for possible therapeutic benefits including as a treatment for opioid withdrawal due to the pharmacologic effects of its indole alkaloids. A wide array of psychoactive compounds are found in kratom, with mitragynine being the most abundant alkaloid. The drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential of mitragynine and related alkaloids have been evaluated for effects on the major cytochrome P450s (CYPs) via in vitro assays and limited clinical investigations. However, no thorough assessment of their potential to inhibit the major hepatic hydrolase, carboxylesterase 1 (CES1), exists. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory potential of kratom extracts and its individual major alkaloids using an established CES1 assay and incubation system. Three separate kratom extracts and the major kratom alkaloids mitragynine, speciogynine, speciociliatine, paynantheine, and corynantheidine displayed a concentration-dependent reversible inhibition of CES1. The experimental K
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.