ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2023
Evaluation of Digitalisation in Healthcare and the Quantification of the "Unmeasurable".
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Large-scale system-level digitalisation initiatives in the National Health Service in England: insights from three national evaluations.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- How artificial intelligence is disrupting the field of medical knowledge and evaluation: a narrative review.BMJ digital health & AI · 2026Review
- A mixed methods formative evaluation of the United Kingdom National Health Service Artificial Intelligence Lab.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Assessing Digital Maturity of Hospitals: Viewpoint Comparing National Approaches in Five Countries.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- What Is the Current Status of Research on the Impact of Digitalization in Medicine? A Bibliometric Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The imperative of teamwork in antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions: insights from an ethnographic study with practitioners in Spain.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2024Review
- Evaluating Information Technology-enabled Precision Prevention Initiatives in Health and Care.Yearbook of medical informatics · 2024Article
- Complex Hospital-Based Electronic Prescribing-Based Intervention to Support Antimicrobial Stewardship: Qualitative Study.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Evaluating healthcare digitalisation, where technology implementation and adoption transforms existing socio-organisational processes, presents various challenges for outcome assessments. Populations are diverse, interventions are complex and evolving over time, meaningful comparisons are difficult as outcomes vary between settings, and outcomes take a long time to materialise and stabilise. Digitalisation may also have unanticipated impacts. We here discuss the limitations of evaluating the digitalisation of healthcare, and describe how qualitative and quantitative approaches can complement each other to facilitate investment and implementation decisions. In doing so, we argue how existing approaches have focused on measuring what is easily measurable and elevating poorly chosen values to inform investment decisions. Limited attention has been paid to understanding processes that are not easily measured even though these can have significant implications for contextual transferability, sustainability and scale-up of interventions. We use what is commonly known as the McNamara Fallacy to structure our discussions. We conclude with recommendations on how we envisage the development of mixed methods approaches going forward in order to address shortcomings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.