SynthesisScientific reports2023
Risk of long COVID main symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- The risk of Long Covid symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Mild hyperventilation with preserved exercise capacity in patients with self-reported long-term dyspnea after COVID-19-a prospective cohort study in a primary healthcare setting.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2026Article
- Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and self-reported post-acute cognitive dysfunctions from the Danish EFTER-COVID survey.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Association between persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life in the post-COVID-19 condition: a cross-sectional survey in a nationally representative sample of French adults.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2026Article
- Cognitive and Neuropsychiatric Sequelae After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Narrative Review and Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study of Neurofilament Light Chain and GFAP.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Lingering echoes of SARS-CoV-2: mechanistic insights and management of long COVID syndrome.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Effective and safe: Long-term aerosol disinfection of slightly acidic electrolyzed water causes no harm in rats.PloS one · 2026Article
- An exploratory exome-wide machine learning analysis identifies candidate host gene signatures associated with Long COVID in a large admixed Brazilian cohort.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Assessment of long COVID symptom burden in patients testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 at a nationwide retail pharmacy.PloS one · 2026Article
- Predictors of Long COVID-19 Syndrome and Hospital Admissions Among COVID-19-Diagnosed Adult Patients Who Self-Isolated at Home in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa.Nursing research and practice · 2026Article
- Recovery and long-term health outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a prospective cohort in an urban setting, Kenya.Global health action · 2025Article
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- Article
- Work Impairment and Financial Outcomes Among Adults With vs Without Long COVID.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Article
- LEF1-AS1 Deregulation in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Persistent Post-COVID Symptoms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Trajectories of Health-Related Quality of Life 2 Years After Mild/Moderate Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in the Pre-Omicron Era.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Changes in long-term employment and income following COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among Jewish and Arab populations in Israel.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Wearable data reveals distinct characteristics of individuals with persistent symptoms after a SARS-CoV-2 infection.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Spatial transcriptomics of the epipharynx in long COVID identifies SARS-CoV-2 signalling pathways and the therapeutic potential of epipharyngeal abrasive therapy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review aimed to summarise the relative risk (RR) of the main symptoms of long COVID in people infected with SARS-CoV-2 compared to uninfected controls, as well as the difference in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after infection. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, NLM-LitCovid, WHO-COVID-19, arXiv and Europe-PMC were searched up to 23rd March 2022. Studies reporting risk (four or more weeks after infection) of fatigue, shortness of breath, and cognitive dysfunction, as well as comparative HRQoL outcomes, were included. Pairwise random-effects meta-analyses were performed to pool risks of individual symptoms. Thirty-three studies were identified; twenty studies reporting symptom risks were included in the meta-analyses. Overall, infection with SARS-CoV-2 carried significantly higher risk of fatigue (RR 1.72, 95% confidence intervals [CIs] 1.41, 2.10), shortness of breath (RR 2.60, 95% CIs 1.96, 3.44), memory difficulties (RR 2.53, 95% CIs 1.30, 4.93), and concentration difficulties (RR 2.14, 95% CIs 1.25, 3.67). Quality of life findings were varied and comparisons between studies were challenging due to different HRQoL instruments used and study heterogeneity, although studies indicated that severe hospitalised COVID is associated with a significantly poorer HRQoL after infection. These risks are likely to constantly change as vaccines, reinfections, and new variants alter global immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.