ArticleEuropean stroke journal2024
Anakinra in cerebral haemorrhage to target secondary injury resulting from neuroinflammation (ACTION): Study protocol of a phase II randomised clinical trial.
Article in European stroke journal, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04834388 (Anakinra in Cerebral Haemorrhage to Target Secondary Injury Resulting From Neuroinflammation - a Phase II Clinical Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Anakinra in Cerebral Haemorrhage to Target Secondary Injury Resulting From Neuroinflammation - a Phase II Clinical Trial
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hematoma Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Concentrations Predict Long-Term Outcome in Acute Human Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Annals of neurology · 2026Trial
- Astrocyte-Microglia Crosstalk in Post-Hemorrhagic Neurovascular Microenvironment: Mechanistic Nodes, Cross-Stroke Comparisons, and Therapeutic Reprogramming.Translational stroke research · 2026Review
- Astrocytic Redox Homeostasis as a Metabolic Modulator of DNA Damage and Repair in the Ischemic Penumbra.Cells · 2026Review
- Therapeutic strategies in intracerebral hemorrhage: from hematoma stabilization to alleviating secondary brain injury.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2026Review
- Review
- Free Fatty Acids Correlate with the Interleukin-1 β and Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist in the Early Subacute Phase of Stroke.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- The Activity of Protectin DX, 17 HDHA and Leukotriene B4 Is Correlated with Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1Ra) in the Early Subacute Phase of Stroke.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Protective Effects of Interleukin-1 Inhibition With Anakinra in Mouse Models of Ischemic Stroke With and Without Reperfusion.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Immune cells in intracerebral hemorrhage.Brain hemorrhages · 2025Article
- New targets in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.Current opinion in neurology · 2025Review
- Emerging Therapeutic Targets for Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Article
- Intracerebral haemorrhage - mechanisms, diagnosis and prospects for treatment and prevention.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2024Review
- Molecular Mechanisms in Pathophysiology of Mucopolysaccharidosis and Prospects for Innovative Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInflammation plays a vital role in the development of secondary brain injury after spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Interleukin-1 beta is an early pro-inflammatory cytokine and a potential therapeutic target.
aimTo determine the effect of treatment with recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra on perihematomal oedema (PHO) formation in patients with spontaneous ICH compared to standard medical management, and investigate whether this effect is dose-dependent.
methodsACTION is a phase-II, prospective, randomised, three-armed (1:1:1) trial with open-label treatment and blinded end-point assessment (PROBE) at three hospitals in The Netherlands. We will include 75 patients with a supratentorial spontaneous ICH admitted within 8 h after symptom onset. Participants will receive anakinra in a high dose (loading dose 500 mg intravenously, followed by infusion with 2 mg/kg/h over 72 h; OUTCOMES: Primary outcome is PHO, measured as oedema extension distance on MRI at day 7 ± 1. Secondary outcomes include the safety profile of anakinra, the effect of anakinra on serum inflammation markers, MRI measures of blood brain barrier integrity, and functional outcome at 90 ± 7 days. DISCUSSION: The ACTION trial will provide insight into whether targeting interleukin-1 beta in the early time window after ICH onset could ameliorate secondary brain injury. This may contribute to the development of new treatment options to improve clinical outcome after ICH.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.