ReviewJournal of minimally invasive surgery2023
Directed acyclic graphs for clinical research: a tutorial.
Review in Journal of minimally invasive surgery, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- Increased Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Risk in Cancer: Evidence From 800,000 Patients and 3.7 Million Controls.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- Alcohol amount, drinking patterns, and gastric cancer risk: a nationwide study using targeted maximum likelihood estimation.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Neonatal Adverse Outcomes in Métis Children in Alberta, Canada: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2026Article
- From association to causation: a decision-aware framework for reproducible biomarker discovery and precision intervention design in the human gut microbiome.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Article
- Mechanisms of practice facilitation identified using system dynamics diagramming in a tailored implementation study of unhealthy alcohol screening and treatment in primary care.Implementation science communications · 2026Article
- Adolescence risk factors for meniscus and ligamentous knee injuries in adulthood: A longitudinal study.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2026Article
- Article
- Evidence-based directed acyclic graphs for perinatal pharmacoepidemiologic studies in rheumatology: a structured approach for development and implementation in administrative health data.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2026Article
- Adolescent health behaviors, family socioeconomic status and health as risk factors for tendon ruptures in adulthood: a longitudinal study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- The feasibility of evaluating outdoor nature-based early childhood education and care provision: a pilot quasi-experimental design.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2025Article
- Predicting regional and temporal incidence of RSV and influenza hospitalizations in a birth cohort of young Australian children.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Dynamic effects of COVID-19 vaccination on major acute cardiovascular events and mortality following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a target trial emulation study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Let's DAG in: how directed acyclic graphs can help behavioural ecology be more transparent.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Emergency laparoscopic Hartmann procedure no longer a subspecialist operation: a retrospective cohort study at an Australian non-subspecialized center.Journal of minimally invasive surgery · 2025Article
- Health behaviors, health, sociodemographic factors, and school success in adolescence as risk factors for injury deaths: a longitudinal study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Variable selection for causal inference, prediction, and descriptive research: a narrative review of recommendations.European heart journal open · 2025Review
- Population-based seroprevalence survey: post-pandemic COVID-19 vaccination, related factors, and geographic distribution of vaccine acceptability in Chile.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Identification of amendable risk factors for childhood stunting at individual, household and community levels in Northern Province, Rwanda - a cross-sectional population-based study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Nationwide real-world implementation of AI for cancer detection in population-based mammography screening.Nature medicine · 2025Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are useful tools for visualizing the hypothesized causal structures in an intuitive way and selecting relevant confounders in causal inference. However, in spite of their increasing use in clinical and surgical research, the causal graphs might also be misused by a lack of understanding of the central principles. In this article, we aim to introduce the basic terminology and fundamental rules of DAGs, and DAGitty, a user-friendly program that easily displays DAGs. Specifically, we describe how to determine variables that should or should not be adjusted based on the backdoor criterion with examples. In addition, the occurrence of the various types of biases is discussed with caveats, including the problem caused by the traditional approach using
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.