ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2023
Investigation of risk factors for introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 infection among commercial turkey operations in the United States, 2022: a case-control study.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Biosecurity in Disease Prevention and Control in Livestock Farms in Africa.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Evaluating transient risk factors for avian influenza outbreaks in Canada using case-crossover study and machine learning.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Avian Influenza at the Wild Bird-Poultry Interface: An Asia-Focused Review with Ecological Risk Scenarios for China.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
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- Article
- Spatial risk mapping of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Morocco using geographic information system and multi-criteria decision analysis: Implications for targeted surveillance and control.Veterinary world · 2025Article
- Avian influenza spillover into poultry: environmental influences and biosecurity protections.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Socio-Psychological and External Factors Influencing Biosecurity Compliance in U.S. Poultry Farming.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Intensive transmission in wild, migratory birds drove rapid geographic dissemination and repeated spillovers of H5N1 into agriculture in North America.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- A Review of Avian Influenza Virus Exposure Patterns and Risks Among Occupational Populations.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Biosecurity Implications, Transmission Routes and Modes of Economically Important Diseases in Domestic Fowl and Turkey.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Indirect contacts between Danish pig farms - what are the frequencies and risk-reducing measures, and how can they be used in simulation models?Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Risk Factors for Introduction of H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Japanese Commercial Layer Farms During the 2022-2023 Epidemic: A Case-Control Study.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- Applying Field and Genomic Epidemiology Methods to Investigate Transmission Networks of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) in Domestic Poultry in British Columbia, Canada (2022-2023).Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- Association between highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks and weather conditions in Japan.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: The 2022-2023 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreak in the United States (U.S.) is the largest and most costly animal health event in U.S. history. Approximately 70% of commercial farms affected during this outbreak have been turkey farms. Methods: We conducted a case-control study to identify potential risk factors for introduction of HPAI virus onto commercial meat turkey operations. Data were collected from 66 case farms and 59 control farms in 12 states. Univariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to compare management and biosecurity factors on case and control farms. Results: Factors associated with increased risk of infection included being in an existing control zone, having both brooders and growers, having toms, seeing wild waterfowl or shorebirds in the closest field, and using rendering for dead bird disposal. Protective factors included having a restroom facility, including portable, available to crews that visit the farm and workers having access and using a shower at least some of the time when entering a specified barn. Discussion: Study results provide a better understanding of risk factors for HPAI infection and can be used to inform prevention and control measures for HPAI on U.S. turkey farms.
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