ArticleFrontiers in public health2023
Prevalence and associated factors of myopia among school students in Shenyang, China: a cross-sectional study.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Exposure-response association between outdoor activity time and myopia risk in Chinese children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2026Pooled it
- Association of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep and myopia in children and adolescents: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of tropicamide and compound tropicamide eye drops on ocular biological parameters and choroid thickness in children.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Trial
- Prevalence and Associated Factors of Self-Reported Myopia Among Undergraduate Students in the Northern Region of Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Prevalence and incidence of myopia and high myopia among children and adolescents in Qingdao, China (2022-2024): a longitudinal study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Long-term exposure to PMBMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Developmental trajectories of visual acuity and associated determinants in Chinese primary school students: a longitudinal cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Lifestyle and environmental risk factors for myopia in children: Evidence from a large-scale cross-sectional study in Shandong, China.PloS one · 2026Article
- Cross-sectional study of myopia prevalence and associated risk factors among children and adolescents in Shaanxi Province, China, in 2021.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors for Myopia in Primary School Children in Madrid: A School-Based Cycloplegic Refraction Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of myopia and axial length-related visual impairment in children and adolescents aged 4-18 years.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Role of various types of outdoor activities for school-aged children myopia in Fengyang County, Chuzhou City: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Efficacy and factors influencing toric orthokeratology lenses in managing moderate to high astigmatic myopia.Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry · 2025Article
- Thicker peripapillary choroid may be associated with behavioral factors in Tokyo's children.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Students' association of poor eye-use behavior with myopia: focus on study phase.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of myopia among school-aged children and adolescents in Xi'an, China.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Advances in optical and pharmacological strategies for myopia correction in children.American journal of translational research · 2025Review
- Exploring the influences of myopia in primary and secondary school students in Xinjiang using propensity score matching.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Progression of myopia among school-aged children in Guangzhou, China.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Interdependence of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Myopia.Nutrients · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: In recent years, the prevalence of myopia has increased significantly and caused great concern. Nevertheless, an estimate of myopia in the student population in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China is still lacking. This study aims to determine the prevalence of myopia among students in Shenyang and investigate the associated factors affecting myopia development. Methods: Standard logarithmic visual acuity chart and automatic computerized optometry under non-ciliary muscle paralysis were used to test the students' naked visual acuity of their right and left eyes. The included students were organized to fill in questionnaires on WeChat to collect the factors affecting myopia. Results: A total of 34,644 students with a median age of 11.9 years were examined, including 17,563 males and 17,081 females. The overall prevalence of myopia was 60%, with a prevalence of 45% for mild myopia, 13% for moderate myopia, and 1.9% for high myopia. The sex, high educational stage, family history of myopia, doing homework after school or reading and writing for more than 2 h were associated with a higher risk of myopia, while doing eye exercises twice a day or more, going outdoors during recess, reading and writing with eyes more than one foot from books, and sleeping more than 8 h a day were associated factors for preventing myopia. The associated factors influencing myopia vary among different subgroups. Conclusion: The prevalence of myopia in Shenyang is at a high level. In addition to sex, high educational stage and genetic factors, environmental factors including length of eye usage, eye exercises, outdoor activities, eye working distance, and sleep duration are associated with myopia prevalence. Therefore, it is recommended that the occurrence and development of myopia can be prevented by controlling the above environmental factors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.