ArticleBMC veterinary research2023
Wild ungulates as sentinels of flaviviruses and tick-borne zoonotic pathogen circulation: an Italian perspective.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence of West Nile Virus Infections in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) in the Netherlands, 2018-2021.Zoonoses and public health · 2026Article
- Surveillance of Tick-Borne Pathogens (TBPs) from Wildlife in the Valle d'Aosta Region, Northwestern Italy.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sympatric Occurrence of Five Exophilic Tick Species in the Levice Region (Southwestern Slovakia) and Their Infection with Tick-Borne Pathogens.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Integrated Surveillance of Viral Pathogens in Wild Boars: Serological and Molecular Insight in Southern Italy.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Multiplex serological screening of wild boar as sentinels of emerging zoonoses: HEV, WNV, and TBEV distribution in Saxony, Germany.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Cervids as a Promising Pillar of an Integrated Surveillance System for Emerging Infectious Diseases in Hungary: A Pilot Study.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Neurotropic Tick-Borne Flavivirus in Alpine Chamois (Viruses · 2025Article
- Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens: Occurrence and Host Associations over Four Years of Wildlife Surveillance in the Liguria Region (Northwest Italy).Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Prevalence of Lyme Disease and Relapsing FeverPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Comparison of Five Serological Methods for the Detection of West Nile Virus Antibodies.Viruses · 2024Article
- Rickettsial Infection in the COVID-19 Era: The Correlation between the Detection ofMicroorganisms · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVector-borne zoonotic diseases are a concerning issue in Europe. Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) have been reported in several countries with a large impact on public health; other emerging pathogens, such as Rickettsiales, and mosquito-borne flaviviruses have been increasingly reported. All these pathogens are linked to wild ungulates playing roles as tick feeders, spreaders, and sentinels for pathogen circulation. This study evaluated the prevalence of TBEV, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Rickettsia spp., Ehrlichia spp., and Coxiella spp. by biomolecular screening of blood samples and ticks collected from wild ungulates. Ungulates were also screened by ELISA and virus neutralization tests for flaviviral antibody detection.
resultsA total of 274 blood samples were collected from several wild ungulate species, as well as 406 Ixodes ricinus, which were feeding on them. Blood samples tested positive for B. burgdorferi s.l. (1.1%; 0-2.3%) and Rickettsia spp. (1.1%; 0-2.3%) and showed an overall flaviviral seroprevalence of 30.6% (22.1-39.2%): 26.1% (17.9-34.3%) for TBEV, 3.6% (0.1-7.1%) for Usutu virus and 0.9% (0-2.7%) for West Nile virus. Ticks were pooled when possible and yielded 331 tick samples that tested positive for B. burgdorferi s.l. (8.8%; 5.8-11.8%), Rickettsia spp. (26.6%; 21.8-31.2%) and Neoehrlichia mikurensis (1.2%; 0-2.4%). TBEV and Coxiella spp. were not detected in either blood or tick samples.
conclusionsThis research highlighted a high prevalence of several tick-borne zoonotic pathogens and high seroprevalence for flaviviruses in both hilly and alpine areas. For the first time, an alpine chamois tested positive for anti-TBEV antibodies. Ungulate species are of particular interest due to their sentinel role in flavivirus circulation and their indirect role in tick-borne diseases and maintenance as Ixodes feeders and spreaders.
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