ArticleNature communications2023
Germinal center output is sustained by HELLS-dependent DNA-methylation-maintenance in B cells.
Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- HnRNPK restrains memory precursor and plasma cell differentiation to control germinal center B-cell output.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Interferon-Mediated Regulation of Memory B Cell Identity and Function.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Dysregulated HELLS expression alters cellular processes and serves as a potential prognostic marker in acute myeloid leukemia.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Prognostic and Functional Role of HELLS in Prostate Cancer: Implications for Tumor Progression and Immune Microenvironment.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Review
- Hells protects mitochondrial integrity via Nr2f2 suppression during osteoclast differentiation.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Chromatin accessibility regulates age-dependent nuclear mechanotransduction.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Epigenetic and post-translational regulatory networks of ferroptosis in the tumor immune microenvironment.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- CFP1 promotes germinal center affinity maturation and restrains memory B cell differentiation through H3K4me3 modulation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The ATF4-glutamine axis: a central node in cancer metabolism, stress adaptation, and therapeutic targeting.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- Epigenetic regulation of iron metabolism and ferroptosis in Parkinson's disease: Identifying novel epigenetic targets.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2025Review
- HELLS is required for maintaining proper DNA modification at human satellite repeats.Genome biology · 2025Article
- Epigenetic Regulation of B Cell Memory Formation: A Poised Model for B Cell Epigenetic Reprograming.Journal of immunology research · 2025Review
- The Research Progress of DNA Methylation in the Development and Function of the Porcine Placenta.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The ICF2 gene Zbtb24 specifically regulates the differentiation of B1 cells via promoting heme synthesis.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2024Article
- HELLS regulates transcription in T-cell lymphomas by reducing unscheduled R-loops and by facilitating RNAPII progression.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Exploring the intersection of epigenetics, DNA repair, and immunology from studies of ICF syndrome, an inborn error of immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
HELLS/LSH (Helicase, Lymphoid Specific) is a SNF2-like chromatin remodelling protein involved in DNA methylation. Its loss-of-function in humans causes humoral immunodeficiency, called ICF4 syndrome (Immunodeficiency, Centromeric Instability, Facial anomalies). Here we show by our newly generated B-cell-specific Hells conditional knockout mouse model that HELLS plays a pivotal role in T-dependent B-cell responses. HELLS deficiency induces accelerated decay of germinal center (GC) B cells and impairs the generation of high affinity memory B cells and circulating antibodies. Mutant GC B cells undergo dramatic DNA hypomethylation and massive de-repression of evolutionary recent retrotransposons, which surprisingly does not directly affect their survival. Instead, they prematurely upregulate either memory B cell markers or the transcription factor ATF4, which is driving an mTORC1-dependent metabolic program typical of plasma cells. Treatment of wild type mice with a DNMT1-specific inhibitor phenocopies the accelerated kinetics, thus pointing towards DNA-methylation maintenance by HELLS being a crucial mechanism to fine-tune the GC transcriptional program and enable long-lasting humoral immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.