SynthesisBMJ open2023
Effect of exoskeleton robot-assisted training on gait function in chronic stroke survivors: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Robotic Training and Neural Reorganization in Stroke: A Systematic Review.F1000Research · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of robot-assisted training for lower limb rehabilitation on lower limb function in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of robot-assisted gait training on lower extremity function in subacute stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of robotic exoskeleton training on lower limb function, activity and participation in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- A Multimodal Therapist-Supervised Robotic Gait-Training Platform with Phase-Synchronized Infrared Thermal Biofeedback: A Concept-Level Technical and Translational Healthcare Framework.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Robot-assisted gait training on functional ambulation in patients with stroke: a retrospective real-world analysis across five robotic devices.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Robot-Assisted Gait Training Enhances Phase-Specific Torque Generation, Balance, and Motor Recovery in Hemiplegia.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A central-peripheral approach to gait rehabilitation in chronic acquired brain injury: robotic training and motor imagery.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2026Article
- Towards Clinical Trial Readiness: Optimization of a Parallel Robot for Lower Limb Rehabilitation.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Comparison of Five Rehabilitation Interventions for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of Robotic Devices for Medical Rehabilitation: An Umbrella Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Gait Training of Healthy Older Adults in a Sitting Position using the Wearable Robot to Assist Arm-swing Rhythm, WALK-MATE ROBOT.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Robot-assisted gait training in stroke.Turkish journal of physical medicine and rehabilitation · 2024Review
- Efficacy and safety of using a unilateral lower limb exoskeleton combined with conventional treatment in post-stroke rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Knowledge and attitudes toward artificial intelligence in nursing among various categories of professionals in China: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Bibliometric and visualized analysis of the application of artificial intelligence in stroke.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Robotic exoskeleton-assisted walking rehabilitation for stroke patients: a bibliometric and visual analysis.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Effects of a Gait Training Program on Spinal Cord Injury Patients: A Single-Group Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesNumbers of research have reported the usage of robot-assisted gait training for walking restoration post-stroke. However, no consistent conclusion has been reached yet about the efficacy of exoskeleton robot-assisted training (ERAT) on gait function of stroke survivors, especially during the chronic period. We conducted a systematic review to investigate the efficacy of ERAT on gait function for chronic stroke survivors.
designThis review followed the Participant, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome principle. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases were systematically searched until December 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included and these RCTs took patients who had a chronic stroke as participants, exoskeleton robot-assisted gait training as intervention, regular rehabilitation therapy as comparison and gait-related functional assessments as outcomes. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data extraction and synthesis used the reporting checklist for systematic review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The risk of bias and methodological quality of included studies were evaluated by two independent investigators under the guidance of Cochrane risk of bias.
resultsOut of 278 studies, a total of 10 studies (n=323, mean age 57.6 years, 63.2% males) were identified in this systematic review. According to the Cochrane risk of bias, the quality of these studies was assessed as low risk. Six studies reported favourable effects of ERAT on gait function involving gait performance, balance function and physical endurance, and the ERAT group was significantly superior when compared with the control group. In contrast, the other four trials showed equal or negative effects of ERAT considering different study designs. All the included studies did not claim any serious adverse events.
conclusionERAT could be an efficient intervention to improve gait function for individuals who had a chronic stroke. However, more rigorously designed trials are required to draw more solid evidence. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023410796.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.