ArticleDiabetes care2023
Hydroxychloroquine in Stage 1 Type 1 Diabetes.
Article in Diabetes care, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Hydroxychloroquine in Incomplete Lupus.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Trial
- C-Peptide Provides Critical Contextual Insight Into Elevated Glucose Values During Progression to Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2026Review
- Extended Follow-up of Type 1 Diabetes Immunotherapy Trial Participants Suggests Benign Side Effect Profile.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- Genetic Risk and Transition Through Preclinical Stages of Type 1 Diabetes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Perspectives on prevention of type 1 diabetes and heterogeneities.Diabetologia · 2025Review
- Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet: Leading the Charge in Disease Prediction, Prevention, and Immunotherapeutic Mechanistic Understanding.Diabetes care · 2025Review
- Immunomodulatory agents and cell therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Review
- Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes: An Early Approach Appraisal for Spain by the AGORA Diabetes Collaborative Group.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Emerging Concepts and Success Stories in Type 1 Diabetes Research: A Road Map for a Bright Future.Diabetes · 2025Article
- [Early Detection Of Type 1 Diabetes By Islet Autoantibody Screening: A Position Paper Of The Fr1daplex Project Leaders And Training Centres, Bvkj Bavaria And Paednetz (Registered) Bavaria].Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany)) · 2025Article
- Pilot Trial of Hydroxychloroquine as Add-On Therapy in Patients With Membranous Nephropathy.Kidney international reports · 2024Article
- Review
- Crinophagic granules in pancreatic β cells contribute to mouse autoimmune diabetes by diversifying pathogenic epitope repertoire.Nature communications · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 16 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveInnate immune responses may be involved in the earliest phases of type 1 diabetes (T1D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsTo test whether blocking innate immaune cells modulated progression of the disease, we randomly assigned 273 individuals with stage 1 T1D to treatment with hydroxychloroquine (n = 183; 5 mg/kg per day to a maximum of 400 mg) or placebo (n = 90) and assessed whether hydroxychloroquine treatment delayed or prevented progression to stage 2 T1D (i.e., two or more islet autoantibodies with abnormal glucose tolerance).
resultsAfter a median follow-up of 23.3 months, the trial was stopped prematurely by the data safety monitoring board because of futility. There were no safety concerns in the hydroxychloroquine arm, including in annual ophthalmologic examinations. Preplanned secondary analyses showed a transient decrease in the glucose average area under the curve to oral glucose in the hydroxychloroquine-treated arm at month 6 and reduced titers of anti-GAD and anti-insulin autoantibodies and acquisition of positive autoantibodies in the hydroxychloroquine arm (P = 0.032).
conclusionsWe conclude that hydroxychloroquine does not delay progression to stage 2 T1D in individuals with stage 1 disease. Drug treatment reduces the acquisition of additional autoantibodies and the titers of autoantibodies to GAD and insulin.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.