ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2023
Nicotine modifies cocaine responding in a concurrent self-administration model.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of polysubstance use in the development, maintenance, and treatment of stimulant use disorders.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- Fiber Photometry Analysis of Spontaneous Dopamine Signals: TheACS chemical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Animal models of cocaine use: importance of social context and co-use.Trends in pharmacological sciences · 2025Review
- Fiber photometry analysis of spontaneous dopamine signals: The z-scored data are not the data.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Fentanyl self-administration is accelerated by methamphetamine co-use and results in worsened hypodopaminergia in male, but not female rats.The European journal of neuroscience · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPreclinical models of cocaine use disorder (CUD) have not yielded any FDA-approved pharmacotherapies, potentially due to a focus on cocaine use in isolation, which may not fully translate to real-world drug taking patterns. Cocaine and nicotine are commonly used together, and clinical research suggests that nicotine may increase the potency and reinforcing strength of cocaine. In this study, we sought to determine whether and how the addition of nicotine would alter ongoing intravenous cocaine self-administration and motivation to take cocaine in rats.
methodsMale Sprague-Dawley rats self-administered cocaine alone on a long access, Fixed Ratio one (FR1) schedule, and then switched to a combination of cocaine and nicotine. Finally, rats responded on a Progressive Ratio (PR) schedule for several doses of cocaine alone and in combination with a single dose of nicotine.
resultsUnder long access conditions, rats co-self-administering cocaine and nicotine responded less and with decreased response rates than for cocaine alone and did not escalate responding. However, under PR conditions that test motivation to take drugs, the dose response curve for the combination was shifted upwards relative to cocaine alone.
conclusionsTogether, these results suggest that nicotine may enhance the reinforcing strength of cocaine, increasing PR responding for cocaine across the dose response curve.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.