ArticleScience advances2023
Earth beyond six of nine planetary boundaries.
Article in Science advances, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 329 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
329 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The evidence base for ranger patrol effectiveness in conservation and how to improve it.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026Pooled it
- The Health and Environmental Impacts, Safety, and Affordability of the EAT-Lancet Planetary Health Diet: A Multidisciplinary Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- How can nature connectedness and behaviours for learning be deliberately developed in children, adolescents and young adults? A systematic literature review.Child and adolescent mental health · 2025Pooled it
- Current aviation roadmaps are not within planetary boundaries.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Harnessing macrogenomics to study changing marine ecosystems under global climate change.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2026Review
- A framework for unit-level biodiversity credit integrity and market-level governance.npj biodiversity · 2026Article
- From Beliefs to Action: Dietitians' Perspectives on Environmental Sustainability and a Pathway to Planetary Health Framework for Food System Change.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2026Article
- Article
- Estimating the total mortality of seabirds following a marine heat wave.Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · 2026Article
- A golden opportunity: Corporate sustainability reporting as a key lever to address nature-related risks.Ambio · 2026Article
- Amazonian Nanobioeconomy 5.0: A Critical Integrative Review and Conceptual Framework Toward a Just Planetary Transition.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Increasing nitrogen loading in the Gulf of Mexico undermines coral reef resilience.Science advances · 2026Article
- Lithium and Water: Why Hydrological Limits Will Define a Just Energy Transition.Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ) · 2026Article
- Residue-based multilayer-filters reused as amendment after capturing pig slurry gases.Environmental technology & innovation · 2026Article
- PROTOCOL: Interventions to Reduce or Prevent the Effects of Climate Change on Populations Vulnerable to Poverty and Social Exclusion in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: An Evidence and Gap Map.Campbell systematic reviews · 2026Article
- Threats and Shifts in Microbial Communities of Salars Associated With Direct Lithium Extraction and Brine Reinjection.Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ) · 2026Article
- Environmental Release of Genetically Intervened Microorganisms: Towards a New Narrative.Microbial biotechnology · 2026Review
- Synchronizing nitrogen cycling processes reduces agricultural nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Beyond the silos: A global evidence synthesis of biodiversity, water, food, health and climate nexus interactions.iScience · 2026Review
269 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
29 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This planetary boundaries framework update finds that six of the nine boundaries are transgressed, suggesting that Earth is now well outside of the safe operating space for humanity. Ocean acidification is close to being breached, while aerosol loading regionally exceeds the boundary. Stratospheric ozone levels have slightly recovered. The transgression level has increased for all boundaries earlier identified as overstepped. As primary production drives Earth system biosphere functions, human appropriation of net primary production is proposed as a control variable for functional biosphere integrity. This boundary is also transgressed. Earth system modeling of different levels of the transgression of the climate and land system change boundaries illustrates that these anthropogenic impacts on Earth system must be considered in a systemic context.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.