ArticlePloS one2023
Associations between tobacco and cannabis use and anxiety and depression among adults in the United States: Findings from the COVID-19 citizen science study.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Change in Cigarette, Other Tobacco Product, and Cannabis Use Among Individuals Who Used or Did Not Use Cannabis During a Smoking Cessation Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Trial
- Modes of cannabis administration, cannabis and tobacco co-use, and associations with respiratory and cannabis use outcomes in a permissive medical cannabis state.Addictive behaviors · 2026Article
- Simultaneous versus Sequential Cessation of Tobacco and Cannabis: Preferences of Young Adults Who Co-Use in France.Drug and alcohol review · 2026Article
- Consumption patterns and withdrawal symptoms in dual cannabis-tobacco users in Spain: Cross-sectional study.Addictive behaviors reports · 2026Article
- Association between cannabis use and major depressive disorder: a population-based cross-sectional study.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
- Nicotine and Cannabis Co-Use and Sleep-Related Outcomes in Adults: A Narrative Review and Implications.Current addiction reports · 2026Article
- COVID-19 symptoms associated with smoking and vaping tobacco and cannabis: A cross-sectional analysis.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with tobacco and cannabis co-use in France: Results from a national representative survey.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- Polysubstance use and mental health among young adults.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2025Article
- A preliminary investigation of tobacco co-use on endocannabinoid activity in people with cannabis use.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- Perceptions of Infant Cry Sounds Among Tobacco and Cannabis Using Mothers and Their Association with Tobacco and Cannabis Cravings.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prevalence and determinants of cigarette-cannabis co-use among US cancer survivors.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2025Article
- Barriers and facilitators to nicotine and cannabis vaping cessation among young adults: a qualitative study using Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior (COM-B) model and Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2025Article
- Depression and anxiety mediate the relationship between COVID-19 stay-at-home orders and tobacco and marijuana use.PloS one · 2025Article
- Vaping nicotine and cannabis on the same occasion is linked to increased vaping consumption among young adults: A smartphone-based daily diary study.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Urgent need for treatment addressing co-use of tobacco and cannabis: An updated review and considerations for future interventions.Addictive behaviors · 2024Review
- Trends in cannabis and tobacco co-use in the United States, 2002-2021.Addictive behaviors · 2024Article
- Factors Associated with Older People's Anxiety Symptom Positioning after COVID-19: Cross-Sectional Findings from a Canadian Sample.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Depression screening outcomes among adolescents, young adults, and adults reporting past 30-day tobacco and cannabis use.Addictive behaviors · 2024Article
- Situations and roles of cannabis versus cigarette use: Integrating ecological momentary assessment with qualitative mapping interviews.Health & place · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLittle is known about whether people who use both tobacco and cannabis (co-use) are more or less likely to have mental health disorders than single substance users or non-users. We aimed to examine associations between use of tobacco and/or cannabis with anxiety and depression.
methodsWe analyzed data from the COVID-19 Citizen Science Study, a digital cohort study, collected via online surveys during 2020-2022 from a convenience sample of 53,843 US adults (≥ 18 years old) nationwide. Past 30-day use of tobacco and cannabis was self-reported at baseline and categorized into four exclusive patterns: tobacco-only use, cannabis-only use, co-use of both substances, and non-use. Anxiety and depression were repeatedly measured in monthly surveys. To account for multiple assessments of mental health outcomes within a participant, we used Generalized Estimating Equations to examine associations between the patterns of tobacco and cannabis use with each outcome.
resultsIn the total sample (mean age 51.0 years old, 67.9% female), 4.9% reported tobacco-only use, 6.9% cannabis-only use, 1.6% co-use, and 86.6% non-use. Proportions of reporting anxiety and depression were highest for the co-use group (26.5% and 28.3%, respectively) and lowest for the non-use group (10.6% and 11.2%, respectively). Compared to non-use, the adjusted odds of mental health disorders were highest for co-use (Anxiety: OR = 1.89, 95%CI = 1.64-2.18; Depression: OR = 1.77, 95%CI = 1.46-2.16), followed by cannabis-only use, and tobacco-only use. Compared to tobacco-only use, co-use (OR = 1.35, 95%CI = 1.08-1.69) and cannabis-only use (OR = 1.17, 95%CI = 1.00-1.37) were associated with higher adjusted odds for anxiety, but not for depression. Daily use (vs. non-daily use) of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and cannabis were associated with higher adjusted odds for anxiety and depression.
conclusionsUse of tobacco and/or cannabis, particularly co-use of both substances, were associated with poor mental health. Integrating mental health support with tobacco and cannabis cessation may address this co-morbidity.
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