ArticlePharmacoEconomics - open2023
The EQ-5D-3L Valuation Study in Pakistan.
Article in PharmacoEconomics - open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Evolving Landscape of Discrete Choice Experiments in Health Economics: A Systematic Review.PharmacoEconomics · 2025Pooled it
- Economic evaluation of Learning Through Play Plus in comparison to usual care for depressed mothers alongside a randomised controlled trial.BMC health services research · 2026Trial
- Cost-effectiveness of a technology-assisted peer-delivered perinatal mental health intervention in Pakistan: an economic evaluation using trial evidence.BMJ global health · 2025Trial
- Acute-phase clinical profile and quality of life in patients with chikungunya during the 2025 outbreak in Bangladesh: A facility-based cross-sectional study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- The Impact of Hepatitis C and Socio-Demographic Variables on Health-Related Quality of Life in Pakistan: Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2026Article
- Determinants of Impaired Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Italian Outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Findings from a roundtable discussion with Pakistani stakeholders on measuring and valuing health and health-related quality of life for children and adolescents.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2025Article
- The EQ-5D-3L valuation study for Bermuda: using an on-line EQ-VT protocol.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2025Article
- Health-related quality of life among extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients and inequalities by disease manifestations: a longitudinal study analysing the impact of TB treatment.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTo utilize EQ-5D in economic evaluations, a societal-based value set is needed. To date, no value sets exist for any EQ-5D instrument in Pakistan. Previous EQ-5D studies conducted in Pakistan 'borrowed' health preferences developed in other countries. However, for a value set to be valid for Pakistani population, it should represent the preferences of the Pakistani population, and culture and living standards of Pakistan.
objectiveThe aim of this study was to derive a Pakistani EQ-5D-3L value set.
methodsA moderately representative sample aged 18 years and over was recruited from the Pakistani general population. A multi-stage stratified quota method with respect to ethnicity, gender, age and religion was utilized. Two elicitation techniques, the composite time trade-off (cTTO) and discrete choice experiments (DCE) were applied. Interviews were undertaken by trained interviewers using computer-assisted face-to-face interviews with the EuroQol Portable Valuation Technology (EQ-PVT) platform. To estimate the value set, a hybrid regression model combining cTTO and DCE data was used.
resultsA total of 289 respondents who completed the interviews were included for the analysis. The hybrid model correcting for heteroskedasticity without a constant was selected as the final model for the value set. It is shown that being unable to do usual activities (level 3) was assigned the largest weight, followed by mobility level 3, self-care level 3, pain/discomfort level 3 and anxiety/depression level 3. The worst health state was assigned the value - 0.171 in the final model.
conclusionsA Pakistani country-specific EQ-5D-3L value set is now available. The availability of this value set may help promote and facilitate health economic evaluations and health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) research in Pakistan.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.