ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2024
Autoimmune disease and the risk of anal cancer in the US population aged 66 years and over.
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inflammatory Manifestations, Therapeutic Interventions, and Cancer Risk in Psoriasis: Current Epidemiological and Mechanistic Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Suspected anal malignancy turned out to be sarcoidosis; a case report.International journal of surgery case reports · 2026Article
- Stratifying the risk of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion among immunosuppressed women with genital HPV.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Shared immune dysregulation in systemic lupus erythematosus and colorectal cancer: a multi-omics guided discovery of DNASE1L3-centric efferocytosis deficiency.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Disentangling the Complex Relationships Between Autoimmune Diseases and Cancer Through Polygenic Risk Scores: Evidence from a Large Prospective Study.Research square · 2025Article
- Fluorescent probes in autoimmune disease research: current status and future prospects.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Topical Protease Inhibitor Increases Tumor-Free and Overall Survival in CD4-Depleted Mouse Model of Anal Cancer.Viruses · 2024Article
- The increasing prevalence of cancer in the elderly: An investigation of epidemiological trends.Aging medicine (Milton (N.S.W)) · 2024Review
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5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn the United States, anal squamous cell carcinoma rates have increased rapidly, particularly among women 50 or older than 66 years of age. As immunosuppression is associated with increased risk, autoimmune conditions may be associated with greater risk of anal squamous cell carcinoma.
methodsWe conducted a population-based, case-control study using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare data (2000-2017). Anal squamous cell carcinoma cases (n = 4505) were matched to 200 000 cancer-free controls. Using multivariable logistic regression, we calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between 47 autoimmune conditions diagnosed before selection, identified using Medicare claims, and anal squamous cell carcinoma. The Bonferroni threshold was used to correct for multiple comparisons. Population attributable fractions were calculated for conditions nominally associated with anal squamous cell carcinoma.
resultsIn total, 18% of anal squamous cell carcinoma cases and 15% of cancer-free controls had a diagnosed autoimmune condition. Any autoimmune condition was associated with an increased risk of anal squamous cell carcinoma (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.21; population attributable fraction = 1.8%). Anal squamous cell carcinoma was associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.32 to 2.42; population attributable fraction = 0.4%) and nominally associated (P < .05) with sarcoidosis (OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.30 to 3.37; population-attributable fraction = 0.2%) and psoriasis (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.56; population attributable fraction = 0.5%). Stratified by sex, only women showed statistically significant associations for systemic lupus erythematosus (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.46 to 2.68). Statistically significant interaction was observed by sex for psoriasis (men vs women: OR = 1.68 [95% CI = 1.03 to 4.28] vs OR = 1.12 [95% CI = 0.88 to 1.43]) and polymyalgia rheumatica (OR = 0.33 [95% CI = 0.12 to 0.89] vs OR = 0.99 [95% CI = 0.75 to 1.30]).
conclusionSystemic lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis, and psoriasis were associated with a moderately increased risk of anal squamous cell carcinoma. Given these conditions' rarity and moderate associations with anal squamous cell carcinoma, autoimmune diseases cannot explain the rising trend in this disease.
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