Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37700540›Full record

ArticleInfection control and hospital epidemiology2023

Impact of measurement and feedback on chlorhexidine gluconate bathing among intensive care unit patients: A multicenter study.

Yoona Rhee, Mary K Hayden, Michael Schoeny, Arthur W Baker, Meghan A Baker, Shruti Gohil, Chanu Rhee, Naasha J Talati, David K Warren, Sharon Welbel and 14 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07039955 (Effectiveness of Daily Chlorhexidine Bathing and Antibiotic and Proton Pump Inhibitor), which is not on this map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 25% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07039955 naenrolling by invitationnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Effectiveness of Daily Chlorhexidine Bathing and Antibiotic and Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) Stewardship in Preventing Transmission and Infection Caused by Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE)

TypeinterventionalSponsorChuncheon Sacred Heart HospitalRan2025 to 2026Enrolled5,760ConditionsCarbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)ArmsDaily Chlorhexidine Bathing, Antimicrobial and PPI Stewardship Program, Standard Bathing
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Transfer ofOpen forum infectious diseases · 2026
    Article
  2. Can Chlorhexidine Bathing Reduce Candidozyma auris Shedding?Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Rapid Environmental Contamination With Candida auris and Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens Near Colonized Patients.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.

Yoona RheeDivision of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
Mary K HaydenDivision of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
Michael SchoenyDepartment of Community, Systems, and Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
Arthur W BakerDivision of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.ORCID 0000-0002-0914-0291
Meghan A BakerDivision of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.ORCID 0000-0002-6724-5841
Shruti GohilDivision of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California.
Chanu RheeDivision of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.ORCID 0000-0002-9537-4245
Naasha J TalatiDivision of Infectious Diseases, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
David K WarrenDivision of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri.
Sharon WelbelDivision of Infectious Diseases, Cook County Health, Chicago, Illinois.
Karen LolansDivision of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
Bardia BahadoriDivision of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California.ORCID 0000-0002-7314-2988
Pamela B BellDivision of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
Heilen BravoDivision of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
Thelma DanganaDivision of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
Christine FukudaDivision of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
Tracey Habrock BachDivision of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri.
Alicia NelsonDivision of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.ORCID 0000-0002-5455-5007
Andrew T SimmsDivision of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
Pam TolomeoDivision of Infectious Diseases, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.ORCID 0000-0001-5594-8884
Robert WolfHarvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Rachel YelinDivision of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
Michael Y LinDivision of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
Rush University Medical Center · USBrigham and Women's Hospital · USDuke University · USPenn Presbyterian Medical Center · USUniversity of California, Irvine · USWashington University in St. Louis · USCook County Health and Hospitals System · USHarvard University · US

Funding

NCEZID CDC HHS U54 CK000481NCEZID CDC HHS U54 CK000607
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo assess whether measurement and feedback of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) skin concentrations can improve CHG bathing practice across multiple intensive care units (ICUs).

designA before-and-after quality improvement study measuring patient CHG skin concentrations during 6 point-prevalence surveys (3 surveys each during baseline and intervention periods).

settingThe study was conducted across 7 geographically diverse ICUs with routine CHG bathing.

participantsAdult patients in the medical ICU.

methodsCHG skin concentrations were measured at the neck, axilla, and inguinal region using a semiquantitative colorimetric assay. Aggregate unit-level CHG skin concentration measurements from the baseline period and each intervention period survey were reported back to ICU leadership, which then used routine education and quality improvement activities to improve CHG bathing practice. We used multilevel linear models to assess the impact of intervention on CHG skin concentrations.

resultsWe enrolled 681 (93%) of 736 eligible patients; 92% received a CHG bath prior to survey. At baseline, CHG skin concentrations were lowest on the neck, compared to axillary or inguinal regions (

conclusionsRoutine CHG bathing performance in the ICU varied across multiple hospitals. Measurement and feedback of CHG skin concentrations can be an important tool to improve CHG bathing practice.

Indexed as

Critical CareIntensive Care UnitsAdultChlorhexidineFeedbackHumansChlorhexidinechlorhexidine gluconate

Identifiers

PMID37700540
PMCPMC10859163
OpenAlexW4386704241

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.