ArticleBMC public health2023
Association of waist-calf circumference ratio, waist circumference, calf circumference, and body mass index with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in older adults: a cohort study.
Article in BMC public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effectiveness of using simple measures as screening indicators for sarcopenic obesity to predict mortality risk in older male patients: a prospective study.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- An online non-radiographic osteoporosis prediction calculator constructed using interpretable machine learning.BioData mining · 2026Article
- Age-specific prevalence and risk factors for severe activity of daily living disability among older adults residing in long-term care facilities in Korea: A cross-sectional study using first year of a longitudinal study.Journal of Korean gerontological nursing · 2025Article
- Waist-Calf Circumference Ratio Is Associated with Body Composition, Physical Performance, and Muscle Strength in Older Women.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Intentional Weight Loss, Waist Circumference Reduction, and Mortality Risk Among Postmenopausal Women.JAMA network open · 2025Observational
- Evaluation of Waist-Calf Circumference Ratio to Assess Sarcopenia in Older Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Retrospective Observational Study.Clinical interventions in aging · 2025Observational
- In-hospital outcomes of older patients with gastric cancer and their risk factors: large comprehensive institution-based study.European geriatric medicine · 2024Article
- Waist-to-calf circumference ratio as a potential indicator of diabetes risk: results from the Longevity Check-Up (Lookup) 8.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Review
- Calf circumference was negatively associated with all-cause mortality among the Chinese centenarians: a prospective study with a 5-year follow-up.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2024Article
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6 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWaist circumference (WC), calf circumference (CC), and body mass index (BMI) have been independently linked to mortality. However, it's not yet clear how the waist-calf circumference ratio (WCR) relates to mortality. This study aims to investigate the relationship between WCR, WC, CC, and BMI with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in older adults.
methodsIn the 2014 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, 4627 participants aged 65 years and older were included, and they were subsequently followed up in 2018. Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause and cause-specific mortality, based on WCR, WC, CC, and BMI.
resultsDuring a median follow-up of 3.4 years, 1671 deaths (36.1%) occurred. Compared to the second quartile of WCR, the highest quartile had a higher risk of mortality from all causes (HR 1.42, 95%CI 1.24-1.64), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (HR 1.88, 95%CI 1.38-2.56), and other causes (HR 1.37, 95%CI 1.15-1.63). The first and fourth quartiles of WC had HRs of 2.19 (1.00-4.79) and 2.69 (1.23-5.89), respectively, for cancer mortality. The highest quartile of CC was associated with a lower risk of all-cause and other-cause mortality, whereas the lowest quartile was associated with a higher risk of all-cause, CVD, and other-cause mortality compared to the second CC quartile. Additionally, the lowest quartile of BMI was associated with a higher risk of all-cause and respiratory disease mortality. Interaction analyses showed that the effects of CC on all-cause and CVD mortality were more pronounced in adults aged ≥ 80 years (P-interaction < .05).
conclusionsHigher WCR and lower CC increased the risk of all-cause, CVD, and other-cause mortality. Lower BMI was associated with higher all-cause and respiratory disease mortality risk, while WC only predicted cancer mortality.
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