Trial reportNature medicine2023
Impact of a TLR9 agonist and broadly neutralizing antibodies on HIV-1 persistence: the randomized phase 2a TITAN trial.
Trial report in Nature medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03837756 (Combining a TLR9 Agonist With Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies for Reservoir Reduction and Immunological Control of HIV Infection), which is not on this map. Cited by 65 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Combining a TLR9 Agonist With Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies for Reservoir Reduction and Immunological Control of HIV Infection: An Investigator-initiated Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Phase IIa Trial.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Broadly neutralizing antibodies for HIV therapy in clinical trials: a systematic review.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Pooled it
- Time to HIV viral rebound and frequency of post-treatment control after analytical interruption of antiretroviral therapy: an individual data-based meta-analysis of 24 prospective studies.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- The impact of analytical treatment interruptions and trial interventions on time to viral re-suppression in people living with HIV restarting ART in cure-related clinical studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Pooled it
- Influence of the broadly neutralizing antibody VRC01 on HIV breakthrough virus populations in antibody-mediated prevention trials.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Trial
- VH3810109 Efficacy, Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Incidence of Antidrug Antibodies in Adults With HIV-1 Naive to Antiretroviral Therapy: BANNER Study Results.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Safety and antiviral effect of a triple combination of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies: a phase 1/2a trial.Nature medicine · 2024Trial
- Stress and Coping During an HIV Cure-Related Trial with an Analytical Treatment Interruption: A Qualitative Assessment of the Experiences of Young Women in Durban, South Africa.Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS CareTrial
- Article
- Finishing the fight against HIV.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Prophylactic treatment with broadly neutralizing antibody VRC01 selects for escape mutants after infection in Antibody-Mediated Prevention trials.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Broadly neutralizing antibodies in adult males living with HIV undergoing analytical treatment interruption: secondary and exploratory outcomes of the phase II randomized controlled RIO trial.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- HIV cure after HCT: 7 horses seem to be on the mark.Blood advances · 2026Article
- What's Hot in HIV in 2025-A Basic and Translational Science Review From IDWeek 2025.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Review
- 5' leader defects drive persistent HIV-1 viremia on long-term ART.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Immune activation during broadly neutralizing antibody-mediated HIV suppression prior to post-intervention control.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Diverse paths to broadly neutralizing antibody escape among HIV-1 strains.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- HIV-1 virome profiling using HIV-PULSE to guide therapeutic and curative interventions.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Genotypic challenges in implementing broadly neutralizing antibody-based long-acting HIV-1 therapies.Communications medicine · 2026Review
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
33 authors at 12 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Inducing antiretroviral therapy (ART)-free virological control is a critical step toward a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) cure. In this phase 2a, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial, 43 people (85% males) with HIV-1 on ART were randomized to (1) placebo/placebo, (2) lefitolimod (TLR9 agonist)/placebo, (3) placebo/broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibodies (bNAbs) or (4) lefitolimod/bNAb. ART interruption (ATI) started at week 3. Lefitolimod was administered once weekly for the first 8 weeks, and bNAbs were administered twice, 1 d before and 3 weeks after ATI. The primary endpoint was time to loss of virologic control after ATI. The median delay in time to loss of virologic control compared to the placebo/placebo group was 0.5 weeks (P = 0.49), 12.5 weeks (P = 0.003) and 9.5 weeks (P = 0.004) in the lefitolimod/placebo, placebo/bNAb and lefitolimod/bNAb groups, respectively. Among secondary endpoints, viral doubling time was slower for bNAb groups compared to non-bNAb groups, and the interventions were overall safe. We observed no added benefit of lefitolimod. Despite subtherapeutic plasma bNAb levels, 36% (4/11) in the placebo/bNAb group compared to 0% (0/10) in the placebo/placebo group maintained virologic control after the 25-week ATI. Although immunotherapy with lefitolimod did not lead to ART-free HIV-1 control, bNAbs may be important components in future HIV-1 curative strategies. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03837756 .
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.