ReviewExperimental & molecular medicine2023
Microbiota-dependent regulation of costimulatory and coinhibitory pathways via innate immune sensors and implications for immunotherapy.
Review in Experimental & molecular medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterization of dysbiosis patterns in gut microbiota of digestive system cancers: an umbrella review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Impacts of Environmental Pollutants on Innate Immunity: The Role of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Mechanistic insights into probiotic modulation of the gut-immune axis and their role as sustainable antibiotic alternatives in poultry production: An integrative review.Veterinary world · 2026Article
- Microbiota and immune-related adverse events in cancer immunotherapy.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Decoding the microbiome-immune crosstalk in cancer: from mechanisms to therapeutic translation.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Article
- Review
- The Potential Role of Microalgal Antioxidant Molecules on the Microbiota-Gut Axis in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Article
- Gut commensal Bifidobacterium-derived extracellular vesicles modulate the therapeutic effects of anti-PD-1 in lung cancer.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Recent insights and advances in gut microbiota's influence on host antiviral immunity.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Gut microbiota: a promising new target in immune tolerance.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Peripheral Blood IFN Responses to Toll-Like Receptor 1/2 Signaling Associate with Longer Survival in Men with Metastatic Prostate Cancer Treated with Sipuleucel-T.Cancer research communications · 2024Article
- Colonic Tuft Cells: The Less-Recognized Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The significance of gut microbiota in the etiology of autoimmune hepatitis: a narrative review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Role of tertiary lymphoid structures and B cells in clinical immunotherapy of gastric cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Our bodies are inhabited by trillions of microorganisms. The host immune system constantly interacts with the microbiota in barrier organs, including the intestines. Over decades, numerous studies have shown that our mucosal immune system is dynamically shaped by a variety of microbiota-derived signals. Elucidating the mediators of these interactions is an important step for understanding how the microbiota is linked to mucosal immune homeostasis and gut-associated diseases. Interestingly, the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies that manipulate costimulatory and coinhibitory pathways has been correlated with the gut microbiota. Moreover, adverse effects of these therapies in the gut are linked to dysregulation of the intestinal immune system. These findings suggest that costimulatory pathways in the immune system might serve as a bridge between the host immune system and the gut microbiota. Here, we review mechanisms by which commensal microorganisms signal immune cells and their potential impact on costimulation. We highlight how costimulatory pathways modulate the mucosal immune system through not only classical antigen-presenting cells but also innate lymphocytes, which are highly enriched in barrier organs. Finally, we discuss the adverse effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the gut and the possible relationship with the gut microbiota.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.