Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37696094›Full record

ArticleComprehensive psychiatry2023

Evaluation of a new intrinsic and extrinsic motivation scale in youth with psychosis spectrum symptoms.

Paige R Didier, Tyler M Moore, Monica E Calkins, Greer Prettyman, Tess Levinson, Chloe Savage, Luis Fernando Viegas de Moraes Leme, Christian G Kohler, Joseph Kable, Theodore Satterthwaite and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Comprehensive psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Social Effort Discounting Reveals Domain-General and Social-Specific Motivation Components.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Paige R DidierDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. Electronic address: pdidier@umd.edu.
Tyler M MooreDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Monica E CalkinsDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Greer PrettymanDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Tess LevinsonDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
Chloe SavageDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Luis Fernando Viegas de Moraes LemeDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Christian G KohlerDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Joseph KableDepartment of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Theodore SatterthwaiteDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Ruben C GurDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Raquel E GurDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Daniel H WolfDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Funding

Longitudinal Mapping of Network Development Underlying Executive Dysfunction in AdolescenceR01MH113550 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Danielle Smith Bassett, Theodore Satterthwaite · 2018 to 2026
$6.9M
Adolescent Neurodevelopment and Impaired Intrinsic Motivation in Psychosis RiskR01MH113565 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI WOLF, DANIEL H · 2018 to 2022
$2.9M
Creating an adaptive screening tool for detecting neurocognitive deficits and psychopathology across the lifespanR01MH117014 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI GUR, RUBEN C. · 2019 to 2022
$2.9M
Quantitative Behavioral and Imaging Phenotypes of Amotivation in SchizophreniaR01MH101111 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI WOLF, DANIEL H · 2013 to 2016
$1.6M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH101111NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH113550NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH113565NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH117014
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundImpairment in intrinsic motivation (IM), the drive to satisfy internal desires like mastery, may play a key role in disability in psychosis. However, we have limited knowledge regarding relative impairments in IM compared to extrinsic motivation (EM) or general motivation (GM), in part due to limitations in existing measures.

methodsHere we address this gap using a novel Trait Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation self-report scale in a sample of n = 243 participants including those with schizophrenia, psychosis-risk, and healthy controls. Each of the 7 IM and 6 EM items used a 7-point Likert scale assessing endorsement of dispositional statements. Bifactor analyses of these items yielded distinct IM, EM, and GM factor scores. Convergent and discriminant validity were examined in relation to General Causality Orientation Scale (GCOS-CP) and Quality of Life 3-item IM measure (QLS-IM). Utility was assessed in relation to psychosis-spectrum (PS) status and CAINS clinical amotivation.

resultsIM and EM showed acceptable inter-item consistency (IM: α = 0.88; EM: α = 0.66); the bifactor model exhibited fit that varied from good to borderline to inadequate depending on the specific fit metric (SRMR = 0.038, CFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.106 ± 0.014). IM scores correlated with established IM measures: GCOS-CP Autonomy (rho = 0.38, p < 0.01) and QLS-IM (rho = 0.29, p < 0.01). Supporting discriminant validity, IM did not correlate with GCOS-CP Control (rho = -0.14, p > 0.05). Two-year stability in an available longitudinal subset (n = 35) was strong (IM: rho = 0.64, p < 0.01; EM: rho = 0.55, p < 0.01). Trait IM was lower in PS youth (t = 4.24, p < 0.01), and correlated with clinical amotivation (rho = -0.36, p < 0.01); EM did not show significant clinical associations.

conclusionsThese results demonstrate the clinical relevance of IM in psychosis risk. They also provide preliminary support for the reliability, validity and utility of this new Trait IM-EM scale, which addresses a measurement gap and can facilitate identification of neurobehavioral and clinical correlates of IM deficits.

Indexed as

Psychotic DisordersSchizophreniaAdolescentHumansMotivationPsychometricsQuality of LifeReproducibility of ResultsAvolitionExtrinsic motivationIntrinsic motivationPsychosisScaleSelf-report

Identifiers

PMID37696094
PMCPMC10644398

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.