ArticleLanguage, speech, and hearing services in schools2023
An Analysis of Mental State Verb and Complex Syntax Use in Children Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing.
Article in Language, speech, and hearing services in schools, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Is There a Relationship Between Infant and Toddler Speech Discrimination Abilities and Mean Length of Utterance at 33 Months?Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2026Article
- Language and Hidden Emotion Understanding in Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children: The Role of Mentalistic Verbs.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Variability in Language and Literacy Outcomes Among Deaf Elementary Students in a National Sample.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Use of Filled Pauses Across Multiple Discourse Contexts in Children Who Are Hard of Hearing and Children with Typical Hearing.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeChildren who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) have documented deficits with complex syntax and vocabulary knowledge. Mental state verbs (MSVs) are necessary for some kinds of complex syntax use and communicate abstract concepts needed for academic language. The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency, diversity, and syntactic context of MSV use in children who are DHH compared to children with typical hearing (CTH).
methodSeventy-three preschool children (23 with cochlear implants, 22 with hearing aids, and 28 with typical hearing) completed a structured language sample as part of a larger assessment battery. Samples were analyzed and compared across groups for use of MSVs, diversity in MSV use, and syntactical context for MSVs.
resultsChildren who are DHH used significantly fewer MSV in complex syntax, a smaller diversity of MSV, and significantly fewer MSV in obligatory contexts compared to CTH. Results for the cochlear implants and hearing aid groups were not significantly different from one another despite differing levels of hearing loss.
conclusionChildren who are DHH demonstrate significant differences in the rate, diversity, and complexity of MSV use compared to peers with typical hearing. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24091860.
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