ArticlePLoS pathogens2023
A serpin gene from a parasitoid wasp disrupts host immunity and exhibits adaptive alternative splicing.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- The green lacewing venom system and the complex mechanisms underlying its evolution.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Ai-Assisted Discovery of a Direct Physical Interaction Between a Venom Serpin from the Parasitoid WaspToxins · 2025Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of Venom Diversity.Toxins · 2025Review
- Large-scale Genome Analyses Provide Insights into Hymenoptera Evolution.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Morphotype-Specific Antifungal Defense inInsects · 2025Article
- Innate Immunity in Insects: The Lights and Shadows of Phenoloxidase System Activation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Alternative splicing perspective to prey preference of environmentally friendly biological agent Cryptolaemus montrouzieri.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Characterizing virulence differences in a parasitoid wasp through comparative transcriptomic and proteomic.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Article
- Parasitoid Serpins Evolve Novel Functions to Manipulate Host Homeostasis.Molecular biology and evolution · 2023Article
- A Genome-Wide Analysis of Serine Protease Inhibitors inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is a major source of protein diversity in eukaryotes, but less is known about its evolution compared to gene duplication (GD). How AS and GD interact is also largely understudied. By constructing the evolutionary trajectory of the serpin gene PpSerpin-1 (Pteromalus puparum serpin 1) in parasitoids and other insects, we found that both AS and GD jointly contribute to serpin protein diversity. These two processes are negatively correlated and show divergent features in both protein and regulatory sequences. Parasitoid wasps exhibit higher numbers of serpin protein/domains than nonparasitoids, resulting from more GD but less AS in parasitoids. The potential roles of AS and GD in the evolution of parasitoid host-effector genes are discussed. Furthermore, we find that PpSerpin-1 shows an exon expansion of AS compared to other parasitoids, and that several isoforms are involved in the wasp immune response, have been recruited to both wasp venom and larval saliva, and suppress host immunity. Overall, our study provides an example of how a parasitoid serpin gene adapts to parasitism through AS, and sheds light on the differential features of AS and GD in the evolution of insect serpins and their associations with the parasitic life strategy.
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