SynthesisJournal of clinical monitoring and computing2024
Performance of closed-loop systems for intravenous drug administration: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Synthesis in Journal of clinical monitoring and computing, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Closed-loop vasopressor systems for hemodynamic control in perioperative and critical care settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2026Pooled it
- Implementation of a Bayesian based advisory tool for target-controlled infusion of propofol using qCON as control variable.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2024Trial
- Control of mean arterial pressure using a closed-loop system for norepinephrine infusion in severe brain injury patients: the COMAT randomized controlled trial.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2024Trial
- Automation in perioperative medicine: perceptions, requirements and boundaries - a mixed methods study.European journal of anaesthesiology and intensive care · 2026Article
- Smart patches for healthcare industry: a review of emerging technologies, challenges, and developmental opportunities.Biomedical engineering online · 2026Review
- Goal-directed therapy: what is the goal again?Perioperative medicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- Closed-loop anesthesia: foundations and applications in contemporary perioperative medicine.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2024Review
- Closing the loop: automation in anesthesiology is coming.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Closed-loop drug delivery systems are autonomous computers able to administer medication in response to changes in physiological parameters (controlled variables). While limited evidence suggested that closed-loop systems can perform better than manual drug administration in certain settings, this technology remains a research tool with an uncertain risk/benefit profile. Our aim was comparing the performance of closed-loop systems with manual intravenous drug administration in adults. We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and Embase from inception until November 2022, without restriction to language. We assessed for inclusion randomised controlled trials comparing closed-loop and manual administration of intravenous drugs in adults, intraoperatively or in the Intensive Care Unit. We identified 32 studies on closed-loop administration of propofol, noradrenaline, phenylephrine, insulin, neuromuscular blockers, and vasodilators. Most studies were at moderate or high risk of bias. The results showed that closed-loop systems reduced the duration of blood pressure outside prespecified targets during noradrenaline (MD 14.9%, 95% CI 9.6-20.2%, I
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.