ReviewFrontiers in immunology2023
Combining PD-1/PD-L1 blockade with type I interferon in cancer therapy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy hierarchy and absolute survival benefit of first-line immunotherapy in advanced gastric cancer: a meta-analysis and pooled survival analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Advanced gene editing technologies for oncology mechanisms, applications, and clinical implementation.Cancer gene therapy · 2026Review
- Striking the right balance with type I interferon signalling in cancer.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Natural and Engineered Cytokines as Cancer Therapeutics.Annual review of cancer biology · 2026Article
- Tumor-Intrinsic PD-1 Regulatory Network Drives Lapatinib Resistance in HER2⁺ Breast Cancer: An Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2026Article
- Endogenous retroviruses and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors: mechanisms, clinical evidence, and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Inducing tumor-intrinsic innate immune response to break cancer immunotherapy resistance.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Defining treatment-resistant brain cancer: Genetic screening to identify oncogene-driven immunomodulation and therapy resistance.Cancer gene therapy · 2026Review
- The plasmacytoid dendritic cell paradox in cancer: impaired type I interferon responses in a nucleic acid-rich tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Inhibition of PD-L1/PD-1 Checkpoint Increases NK Cell-Mediated Killing of Melanoma Cells in the Presence of Interferon-Beta.Cancers · 2025Article
- Modified epitope peptides targeting the porcine PD-1/PD-L1 interaction enhance cellular and humoral immune responses.Journal of veterinary science · 2025Article
- Decitabine suppresses tumor growth by activating mouse mammary tumor virus and interferon-β pathways.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Article
- Interferon-α and thymosin-α1 plus tislelizumab enhance CD8iScience · 2025Article
- An Immunomodulating Peptide with Potential to Promote Anticancer Immunity Without Compromising Immune Tolerance.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- T lymphocyte-based immune response and therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: focus on TILs and CAR-T cells.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Review
- A Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Model of an IL-12 Anchored-Drug Conjugate for the Treatment of Solid Tumors.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2025Article
- Type I IFNs contribute to upregulation of PD-L1 duringInfection and immunity · 2025Article
- Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Aggravation in Polycythemia Vera: Triggered by Ruxolitinib and Silenced With an IFN/Cemiplimab.Dermatology practical & conceptual · 2025Article
- Large-Scale Comparative Analysis of Canine and Human Osteosarcomas Uncovers Conserved Clinically Relevant Tumor Microenvironment Subtypes.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
PD-1 and PD-L1 are crucial regulators of immunity expressed on the surface of T cells and tumour cells, respectively. Cancer cells frequently use PD-1/PD-L1 to evade immune detection; hence, blocking them exposes tumours to be attacked by activated T cells. The synergy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade with type I interferon (IFN) can improve cancer treatment efficacy. Type I IFN activates immune cells boosts antigen presentation and controls proliferation. In addition, type I IFN increases tumour cell sensitivity to the blockade. Combining the two therapies increases tumoral T cell infiltration and activation within tumours, and stimulate the generation of memory T cells, leading to prolonged patient survival. However, limitations include heterogeneous responses, the need for biomarkers to predict and monitor outcomes, and adverse effects and toxicity. Although treatment resistance remains an obstacle, the combined therapeutic efficacy of IFNα/β and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade demonstrated considerable benefits across a spectrum of cancer types, notably in melanoma. Overall, the phases I and II clinical trials have demonstrated safety and efficiency. In future, further investigations in clinical trials phases III and IV are essential to compare this combinatorial treatment with standard treatment and assess long-term side effects in patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.