Patterns and outcome of unplanned care in lung cancer patients: an observational study in a medical oncology department.

Background: There is increasing interest in unplanned care utilization among lung cancer patients and its evaluation should allow the identification of areas for quality improvement. Being a major priority for transformation in oncology, we aim to measure the risk and burden of unplanned care in a medical oncology department and identify factors that determine acute care. Methods: This was an observational retrospective cohort study that included all lung cancer patients treated at Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital between January 1st 2016 and December 31st 2020. Data cut off: June 30th, 2021. The main objective was to assess the incidence of unplanned care, emergency department (ED) visits and unplanned hospital admissions, from the first visit to the medical oncology service and its potential conditioning variables, considering patient death as a competitive event. As secondary objectives, a description and a quality of unplanned care evaluation was carried out. Results: A total of 821 lung cancer patients, all histologies and stages, were included (median follow-up: 32.8 months). Six hundred and eighty-one patients required consultation in the ED (82.9%), and 558 required an unplanned admission (68%). Eighty-six percent of ED consultations and 80.9% of unplanned hospital admissions were related to cancer or its treatment. The 1-year cumulative incidence for ED consultation and for unplanned hospital admission was 71.3% (95% CI: 67.8-74.5%) and 56.7% (95% CI: 53-60%), respectively. In the multivariable analysis, a higher tumor stage increased the risk of consultation in the ED, while a higher stage, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) 2 compared to ECOG PS 0, male sex, opioid or steroid use at first consultation increased the risk of unplanned admission. Conclusions: Our study shows that lung cancer patients have an extremely high demand for unplanned care. It is an early need and related to cancer in the majority of consultations and admissions and therefore a key issue for the management of oncology departments. We must optimize the follow-up of patients with a higher risk of unplanned care, advanced lung cancer or symptomatic patients, incorporating remote monitoring strategies and early interventions, as developing specific urgent care pathways for a better comprehensive cancer care.